Survival Guide Rhetoric And Writing - 1741 Words

Survival Guide to Rhetoric and Writing This guide is to help aid you in bettering your writing skills and provide tips that approach the process of writing with rhetoric. I’m not a great writer myself therefore I cannot make you one. I can, however, explain to you the most important rhetorical concepts and writing strategies needed when writing any paper in hopes that it will aid you with any future writing assignments you come across. Introduction to Rhetoric The traditional definition of the word rhetoric was proposed by Aristotle. He said rhetoric was just a means of persuasion, which is only partially correct. The current textbook definition of rhetoric, according to Webster and embellishments made overtime, is stated as â€Å"the art or†¦show more content†¦It is more beneficial if you are aware of when you’re using it because it makes it easier for you to employ. The easier it is for you to employ rhetoric, the easier it is for you to transform your writings into better ones. The familiarization of rhetoric is one of the single most important skills for a writer to effectively communicate their purpose to their audience and successfully write in different styles, or genres. Purpose, Audience and Genre Any and every paper has a purpose. Whether we write: to entertain, to inform, to express, to communicate, or to persuade, there is a purpose. In most cases, our purpose determines the genre we choose which then determines our audience; it’s almost like a domino effect. When you’re trying to decide what your purpose is you should ask yourself two important questions. The first thing you should ask yourself is â€Å"Why am I writing this essay?† and, â€Å"What do I want my audience to feel after reading my essay?† Most students answer to the first question tends to be â€Å"I’m writing this essay because my professor told the class to and I need to pass the class.† Instead of thinking like that, a writer should try to dig deeper by considering the purpose of the assignment. The more a writer understands their assignment, the better he or she can focus on what they want to accomplish with their paper or get through t o their audience. When writing a paper, after you consider WHY you’re

Writing College Essay Samples Secrets That No One Else Knows About

Writing College Essay Samples Secrets That No One Else Knows About At all degrees of academic learning, essay writing is a vital part as soon as the writing has the perfect essay structure. Nowadays it's quite hard to locate a trustworthy essay writing service. Reading samples of response papers is also an additional way by which you can easily learn how to compose a reaction paper to documentary. You need to start by reading the essay topic questions and think of the way to approach them. Please note that a few of these college essay examples might be responding to prompts that are no longer being used. Prospective students will often ask me if a superior essay is really going to have them accepted. Therefore, it's possible to also have scholarship essay writing tips that will steer you in your writing. Try to remember that revising and reading your college essay may be hard. Therefore to find affirmation for your essay it has to be excellent. The essays function as a glimpse into how your mind works, how you see the world and gives perspective. All essays have to be composed withproper formating. To order custom made essays or papers visit our website. The Debate Over Writing College Essay Samples Keep in mind that the previous two writing forms are written in the very first individual. When it regards joining college, one particular thing that most students dread is the way to compose their college essay. It isn't always simple for a man to express themselves in writing. In a lot of instances, the student is provided a room to choose the topic they'd love to cover or the angle they want to delve into. At the close of the day, however, Rawlins admission students to be aware that the personal essay is merely another bit of the tips puzzle. At the close of the day, however, Rawlins wants students to be aware that the personal essay is merely another bit of the bigger puzzle. On the flip side, the amount of your essay may ride on your teacher's requirements. The author starts with a rather thorough story of an event or description of an individual or place. The Pain of Writing College Essay Samples Live everyday like it's your last. Functional resumes mean to highlight your precise abilities and accomplishments that have been demonstrated through specific work related achievements. Academic papers can't contain any signals of plagiarism. They require that you identify a particular angle to pursue in writing, which will be the basis of the paper. Keep in mind that coming up with the very best essay involves plenty of work and energy. Stay focused on your targets, but additi onally on your life. While there's no magic formula for the ideal admission essay, there are a number of things prospective college students should know. The admissions teams are interested in finding authenticity and caliber of thinking. For example, if you choose to college an order ahead of its completion, it is possible to always count on getting your money back. To make certain you will discover a complete answer to every question, we've got a support team that is always online. Who Else Wants to Learn About Writing College Essay Samples? You can also get in touch with your writer to supply some excess recommendations or request information regarding the order's progress. Please, winning the refund policy on the website where it is possible to find more details on all refund-related questions. Transparent service Our service is extremely simple to use, there's no complication. You can acquire great feedback at no cost.

Income Tax Assessment Act Taxation Treatment

Question: Describe about the Income Tax Assessment Act for Taxation Treatment . Answer: 1. Issue There are three payments that Hilary is getting on account of engaging in writing her ownr story. The details of the payments are given below. $ 10,000 payment is contributed by The Daily Terror as a compensation for transfer of interest and copyright of Hilarys personal life story. $ 5,000 payment is contributed by Mitchell Library as a compensation for the manuscript. $ 2,000 payment is contributed by Mitchell Library as a compensation for the photographs clicked by Hilary on her expeditions. In view of the above, the taxation treatment of these payments that Hilary obtains needs to be ascertained. Rule The segregation of payments into revenue and capital is a key requirement for computation of tax liability. The revenue receipts are levied income tax and contribute to ordinary income of the taxpayer. The capital receipts are non-assessable and may attract liability in the form of capital gains tax but it would be levied only on capital gains made. In the given case also, a key issue is to classify the payments by identification of their nature (Barkoczy, 2014). A relevant case worth discussion in this regard is the Brent vs Federal Commissioner of Taxation(1971) 125 CLR case. The core issue in this case was regarding the classification of the payment derived from a newspaper company for sharing information by the appellant about her personal life with husband. The court held the receipts as capital and hence there was no taxation burden (CCH, 2011). The central reasoning by the court is explained below. The newspaper approached the appellant as her husband was part of a much famed robbery and thereby people would like to know more about the personal life of the individual involved. Hence, the main asset which formed the premises of the contract was not the appellants narration but her information about her personal relation. Other acts were incidental and did not add much value (Sadiq et. al., 2014). The transfer of copyright about this information essentially involved transfer of capital asset from the appellant to the newspaper (Deutsch et, al., 2015). Application The reasoning of the court would now be applied to the given case involving Hilary. The pivotal arguments are summarised below. The offer given to Hilary was not extended due to interest in her writing skills but because of the information she processed about her personal life which was the real asset that the newspaper wanted access to through the book. The writing activity does not lead to creation of any valuable asset as it was always present in the form of her personal life details and book is a sharing medium. Similarly, the income derived from photography and manuscript should be seen in the light of Hilarys fame which is the key factor that provides these value or else these have no intrinsic value. Conclusion Based on above arguments, it is evident that sale of book rights, manuscript and photographs are all essentially capital asset transfer and hence the derived payments would be of capital nature and therefore non-assessable. (b) The fact that Hilary is now driven by self-satisfaction as the motivating factor does not alter the tax recognition of these payments. This is because the act of writing is not pivotal in this case and therefore the intent with which she indulges in this activity is also not significant. Either ways, at the end, through sale there would be transfer of capital asset only resulting in capital receipts. 2. Issue The son obtains housing loan from mother without any documentation and collateral. He intends to return it after five years but in actuality returns after two years, While the total amount borrowed was $ 40,000, the amount returned was $ 44,000. The incremental payment was made as interest though the mother had denied any expectation regarding the same at the beginning only. The issue is to discuss the contribution of this lending transaction on the assessable income of the parent. Rule While ordinary income is taxed as per ITAA 1997, however gifts do not attract any taxation burden. But for labelling any payment as gifts, the ATO has prescribed some conditions that need to be satisfied which are mentioned below (ATO, nd). With the transfer of gift, the ownership must be changed in favour of the party acting as the transferee. The voluntary nature of the transfer being made in paramount. The expectations from the transferor to extract any gains in return of the gift must not be present. The core intent driving the transfer should be benefaction between transferor and transferee. Payments received as interest would contribute to ordinary income (Section 6-5), in case it is derived from business activity such as money lending business or from any investment which makes interest payment to the investor (Barkoczy, 2014). It is noteworthy that interest received may be in cumulative form for recognition as ordinary income and need not be necessarily regular in nature (Coleman, 2011). Application The given facts about the manner in which transaction was enacted i.e. without adequate documentation and collateral indicate towards the transaction being a casual one, Further, the explicit communication by mother with regards to not wanting any interest payments on the extended loan also establish that it was not a business transaction. The mother at the end of two years receives a cheque of $ 44,000. While there is no dispute with regards to capital nature of $ 40,000 which were initially lent, the recognition of $ 4,000 given as interest need discussion. This amount will be considered as it satisfies all conditions listed by ATO. Since son has given the cheque to mother which has been drawn in her favour, hence ownership has changed The mother did not want any interest payment but still the son makes it. For the payment of $ 4,000 the son has no present or future expectation for favours. The amount has been given to the lender as a token of appreciation and gratitude. Conclusion The given transaction would not have any impact on the assessable income of the parent. 3. Part a) For all assets acquired before September 20, 1985, the liability on account of any capital gains realised on asset liquidation would be zero. As per the given case facts, Scott purchased land before the cut-off date and therefore land would be CG T exempt asset. However, the house was constructed later only in 1986, therefore CGT would be applicable only on capital gains made by the house. Due to the differential treatment, it is considered that the given property contains two assets namely land and house (Sadiq et. al., 2014). Land When the house was being constructed, the market value of land was 90,000 while the expense on construction of house was $ 60,000 Thus, total value of the property in 1986 = 90000 + 60000 = $ 150,000 Lands share in total property valuation = (90000/150000)*100 = 60% Thus, 60% of the propertys market price in the current market would be on account of land and free from any CGT liability. Hence, CGT exempt portion of proceeds due to land = 60% of 800000 = $ 480,000 House Current market value of the house = (40/100)*800,000 = $ 320,000 Component of property which would be subject to CGT = 0.4*800000 = $ 320,000 There are two methods for computation of taxable capital gains which are implemented below. Discount method Contribution of house to capital gains = Sales proceeds Cost of construction = 320000 60000 = $ 240,000 Rebate in capital gains on property sale = 50% of 240000 = $ 120,000 Net taxable capital gains = 240000 120000 = $ 120,000 Indexation Method The CPI figures for 1986 and 1999 are 43.2 and 68.72 respectively. Hence, the adjustment index = (68.72/43.2) = 1.79 Adjusted cost for house construction = 1,79* 60000 = $ 95,400 Net taxable capital gains = 320000 95400 = $ 224,600 Since the discount method leads to lesser capital gains being subject to CGT, thus it would be chosen and therefore taxable capital gains are $ 120,000 from the liquidation of property. Part b) Scott sells the property to her daughter but the selling price accepted (i.e. $ 200,000) is a significant discount to the market price (i.e. $ 800,000). For computation of CGT liability, Section 116-30(2 would be deployed. This section advocates that the capital gains should be derived on the larger cost between the prevailing market price and the actual sales proceeds (Austlii, nd). Based on the given data, this works out as $ 800,000 and hence no change would be made. The answer would remain the same. Part c) Due to change of ownership, the method for CGT calculation would need to be changed to indexation method as companies cannot avail discount method (Coleman, 2011). Hence, the taxable capital gains would get altered to $ 224,600.as per indexation method. References ATO nd, Gifts and Donations, Australian Taxation Office, Available online from https://www.ato.gov.au/Individuals/Income-and-deductions/Deductions-you-can-claim/Gifts-and-donations/ (Accessed on August 25, 2016) Austlii nd, INCOME TAX ASSESSMENT ACT 1997 - SECT 116.30, Austlii Website, Available online from https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/itaa1997240/s116.30.html (Accessed on August 24, 2016) Barkoczy,S 2014, Foundation of Taxation Law 2014,6th eds., CCH Publications, North Ryde CCH 2011, Australian Master Tax Guide 2011, 49th eds., Wolters Kluwer , Sydney Coleman, C 2011, Australian Tax Analysis, 4th eds., Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia, Sydney Deutsch, R, Freizer, M, Fullerton, I, Hanley, P, Snape, T 2015, Australian tax handbook 8th eds., Thomson Reuters, Pymont Sadiq, K, Coleman, C, Hanegbi, R, Jogarajan, S, Krever, R, Obst, W, and Ting, A 2014 ,Principles of Taxation Law 2014, 7th eds., Thomson Reuters, Pymont

Lament The Faerie Queens Deception Review Essay Example

Lament: The Faerie Queens Deception Review Paper Essay on Lament: The Faerie Queens Deception It is this novel, Maggie Stiefvater made their path to success. Published by a small publishing house (Flux) in 2008, Lament going and going still rave reviews and positive ratings readers. And please the next series of the writer is now coming from Scholastic, bought the film rights to the book and publish it all over the world Both novels are very good, but yeah, I liked Lament .. The plot is simple and jaded bunch kidaltnyh novels is an ordinary girl with penetrating supernatural gift, there is a dangerous supernatural boy and there is some supernatural world from his point of view on the situation. And another author it would have slipped into another sub-twilight grass. But not here. Deirdre is quite an ordinary school girl and musician, she was afraid to speak in public, crushed by the excessive parental care and concerned about his position in the school food chain. And one fine summer day, a musical contest, she meets the boy of her dreams Luc. Divinely beautiful and playing the flute. Together they win the competition, and then it turns out that Luke should be a little bit so it kill. . For there have Deirdre talent that fairies consider themselves extremely dangerous We will write a custom essay sample on Lament: The Faerie Queens Deception Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lament: The Faerie Queens Deception Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lament: The Faerie Queens Deception Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Further from home cabinets begin packs fall out skeletons, develop romantic and supernatural lines well and the final -. Humane and good What do I like most about the books Stiefvater, its characters. They measure typical of the genre, but at the same time there is in their heads a certain number of friends we all cockroaches, it is advantageous set off by their masters against other. But other than that, it make great romantic stories, not slipping into a sugary sugar and moderately watered action. Lament in action, it seems, more than Shiver, and it is exclusively for the benefit. Oh yes, I have said nothing about the local feechek. At first glance, they may appear to be very similar to their counterparts of the novels Melissa Marr. But the resemblance, fortunately, ends up on a few general concepts and a grandmother, and further there is already material of his own an interesting, charming and gentle Nudger sensitive reader to self-acquaintance with the more voluminous writings on the subject (so to my reader, and then at bookshelf, sneaked novel Ellen Kashner , by the way), because Lament still feechki -. not important in general, I have to say that, in spite of the slightly delayed start and a certain amount of the released in free flight secondary Scene lines, with all the enthusiasm of Americans, I agree. Its not Melissa Marr with a strong mythology, brutal intrigues and a dose nravouchitelstva. This is even a beautiful romantic story, which I recommend to fans of the genre Last fall, the second book in the series -. Ballad and Im sure it will read. But this writer temporarily with feechkami bye and is working on other novels, promising to the subject ever come back.

Perrines Literature Structure, Sound, Sense 11th Ed. (Poetry) Essay Example

Perrines Literature Structure, Sound, Sense 11th Ed. (Poetry) Essay Example Perrines Literature Structure, Sound, Sense 11th Ed. (Poetry) Paper Perrines Literature Structure, Sound, Sense 11th Ed. (Poetry) Paper Essay Topic: Poetry Alliteration The repetition at close intervals of the initial consonant sounds of accented syllables or important words. From stem to stem. Cacophony A harsh, unpleasant-sounding choice and arrangement of sounds Imagery The representation through language of sense experience Personification A figure of speech wherein human attributes are given to an animal, an object, or a concept Stanza Equivalent of paragraph in poetry. A group of lines whose metrical pattern is repeated throughout the poem Simile A figure of speech in which an explicit comparison is made between two things essentially unlike. Metaphor A figure of speech in which an implicit comparison is made between two things essentially unlike Onomatopoeia The use of words that supposedly mimic their meaning in their sound. Cuckoo, honk, meow Didactic Poetry, fiction, or drama having as a primary purpose to teach or preach Rhetorical Poetry Poetry using artificially eloquent language, that is, language too high-flown for its occasion and unfaithful to the full complexity of human experience Sentimental Poetry Poetry that attempts to manipulate the readers emotions in order to achieve a greater emotional response than the poem itself really warrants Hyperbole Obvious and intentional exaggeration not to be taken literally. To wait an eternity. Assonance The repetition at close intervals of the vowel sounds of accented syllables or important words Consonance The repetition at close intervals of the final consonant sounds of accented syllables or important words Allusion A reference, explicit or implicit, to something in previous literature or history. Metonymy A figure of speech in which some significant aspect or detail of an experience is used to represent the whole experience. the bottle for strong drink, or count heads (or noses) for count people. Couplet Two successive lines, usually in the same meter, linked by rhyme Denotation The basic definition or dictionary meaning of a word Cannotation What a word suggests beyond its basic dictionary definition. A words overtones of meaning Oxymoron A figure of speech by which a locution produces an incongruous, seemingly self-contradictory effect, as in cruel kindness or to make haste slowly. Paradox A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.

Academic Writing A List of Essay Types

Academic Writing A List of Essay Types Here is a great list of most popular types of essays. Check it out, if you need any type of essay to be written by a professional essay writer, place an order. Academic Writing: What Is an Essay? An essay is a piece of writing, usually from an authors personal point of view. The essay must be well structured (i.e. organized) and presented in a way that the reader finds easy to follow and clear: it must look tidy and not present any obstacles to the reader. It must have a clear readable interesting style. Academic writing must contain an argument or claim. This means it must address an issue or raise a question and present the appropriate data or information to illustrate it in a logical sequence, and then analyze and comment on it critically both by reference to sources and by pointing out any illogicalities, such as inconsistencies or omissions. Students are assessed on their ability to select the appropriate and relevant information to illustrate their argument or claim. Good academic writing has a formal structure, unlike fictional or personal writing. Exploiting this means that readers know what to expect, which greatly helps the communication process. The burden of communication is not carried at the word or sentence level alone but through the overall structure and organization of the text. The content should be individual and reflect the writers argument and research. Essays contain the following basic elements. These may be in the form of paragraphs for undergraduate essays, or sections for postgraduate essays or dissertations. The overall structure of a thesis (as well as, to an extent, the chapters) will have a similar pattern. A definition of an essay is a rather vague, so far I havent seen a clear definition of what an essay is. It could be due to the reason that essay is multifunctional, i.e. it can be used for a variety of purposes, in a variety of settings, in different spheres etc. In view of academic work, lets try to define an essay from the academic standpoint. So, an academic essay can probably be best understood as a testing or trial of the value or nature of a thing. This kind of testing has been recently acquired as a pedagogical tool. In this case, the main purpose of essay writing is to improve students writing skills, to judge the comprehension and mastery of the material learned during classes. This helps to expose their analytical, organizational, critical thinking skills etc. A formal essay would normally ask the student to present his/her views on a given subject, thus making an essay strongly subjective. First person narration is usually strongly discouraged, if not prohibited. Normally an essay would comprise 5 paragraphs (essentially called a five paragraph essay), but there are many other types of essays: descriptive essays, narrative essays, compare and contrast essays, persuasive essays, argumentative essays, definition essays etc. Basically, you name the type of the essay according to the purpose it serves, here you can fi nd a more or less comprehensive list of essays: Art Essay Argumentative Essay Cause and Effect Essay Compare and Contrast Essay Classification Essay College Essay Creative Essay Critical Essay Current Event Essay Deductive Essay Timed Essay Analytical Essay Descriptive Essay Definition Essay Division and Classification Essay Evaluation Essay Exploratory Essay Expository Essay Feedback Essay Informal Essay Inquiry Essay Instruction Essay Interview Essay Scholarship Essay Test Essay Literature Essay Law Essay Narrative Essay Observation Essay Paragraph Essay Personal Essay Persuasive Essay Philosophy Essay Poetry Writing or Essay Process Essay Proposal Essay Pros and Cons Essay Reflective Essay Response or Reaction Essay Review Essay If you need help with any of the above-mentioned essay types, feel free to contact any of our writing professionals, who are always willing to provide you with a top quality paper, ensuring a top score. Here, at   we are available 24/7 to help you! is the service you can trust. Order an essay from a professional essay writer.

Cultural Awareness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cultural Awareness - Essay Example II. Culture and regions of the world: A case for South America. A. A look at the location of South America. B. The physical landscape and prominent features of the region that include the Andes, the amazon forests and the Atacama Desert. III. The expression of culture through history and developments give us a better understanding of the region. A. The military history of South America in itself brings out the nature of the region. B. The key infrastructural developments such as the Panama Canal give us the ancient history and interests of the region. C. Typical activities of the region such as Agriculture tell us about the abundance of rainfall in the areas, tourism also shows us the attractive nature of the region. IV. The people residing in the region and the activities they engage in tell us of the mixed cultures of the area. A. The mixture of ethnic groups tells us of the diversity of the regions culture. B. The different languages spoken by the people prove that culture is both specific to a group and a region. C. The different interests communicate the value of ideologies that are held by different groups. SSG Phippard SSG Johnson ALC Class 709-11 September 18, 2011 The Culture of South America Culture can be defined as that system of beliefs, values, norms, customs, behaviors and artifacts that members of a given society use to interact with the world and one another. It is that combination of thoughts, feelings attitudes, beliefs values and behavior patterns that are shared by racial, ethnic, religious or social groups of people (Urban Schools). The first characteristic of culture is language which is a set of symbols that are used to assign and communicate meaning. Language is both the spoken words and body movements. Language can be formal or informal depending on the environment and the people taking part in the communication process. Different dialects may symbolize different groups of people with different cultures. In non-verbal communication, di fferent cultures have different body languages. For example, there are cultures in which eye contact is seen as disrespectful while in others it signifies honesty. The second element of culture is norms, which are rules that govern behavior in a given society. Norms include taboos and rituals, which are specific to a given group of people or region. Norms are such that what is acceptable by one may be absurd for another. Ignoring these norms makes one unacceptable unpopular or an outcast within a given culture. The third characteristic of culture is values, which are things that members of a particular culture hold in high esteem or aspire to have. Values are not the same they change depending on the situation or the needs of people. Different cultures value different things, for example most Americans generally agree on the following as valuable: democracy, liberty and freedom. A typical African society values children, peace and hard work. The fourth characteristic of culture is b eliefs and ideologies. Beliefs refer to what members of a given culture hold to be true. Ideologies on the other hand refer to a set of beliefs and assumptions that are connected by a common theme. Social institutions or systems associate themselves with ideologies and they serve to make those institutions legitimate. The above two vary within cultures and serve to differentiate them. The fifth characteristic of culture is the attitude towards time. Time orientation is something

DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE - Coursework Example All these cases negatively influence group performance and personal relationships between employees. According to Roberge et al. (2011), strong organizational culture, focus on team work, cross-cultural couching and fairness in HR practices are proved to be effective in coping with diversity-related issues. Value-based organizational culture creates a special field where people from different backgrounds share the same aims and values. HR team should implement practices which do not conflict with personal values and traditions of employees. For instance, there are some religious holidays which require influence working schedule of employees. Even if the company is neutral to religion in its internal practices, employees should have a right to have a day off when such a holiday takes place. In order to regulate relationships between employees, organizations pay great attention to codes of conduct. Usually, these codes consist of universal values which can be accepted by all employees. Good code of conduct helps them to develop a shared vision and understand each other better. In summary, it is a hard task to manage diversity in the organization; at the same time, it is a rewarding one. When different people work together, they can create new innovative solutions which consider different points of view. Diversity is a strong value; if people feel that their values and needs are considered by the organization, they become more loyal and productive. Finally, training for employees can help them to understand each other better if their diversity causes

How Americas Foreign Policy Shaped Essay Example for Free

How Americas Foreign Policy Shaped Essay Foreign policy determines how America conducts relations with other countries. It is designed to further certain goals, and to ensure America’s security and defense. Originally American foreign policy was based isolationism; however, as the United States began to become more powerful, its foreign policy evolved. Through the 19th century, America concentrated on creating a nation that spanned the continent, and it avoided foreign entanglements. Once industrialized and more prosperous, it began looking for foreign markets and colonies. Dollar diplomacy was one strategy used to increase American Influence abroad. In addition to the need to exert more influence in foreign affairs for political reasons, Americans had a belief that their own cultural, moral, and racial superiority justified an increased global involvement. This can also be referred to as the Whiteman’s burden. The late nineteenth century to the 1920s can generally be described as a change of the United States from a very regional power, to a dominant world power. This shift began with the Spanish-American war. This war gave the United States, for the first time, an overseas empire. This war was also a fulfillment of the U.S aim of the Monroe Doctrine, which was that the U.S should secure the western hemisphere of colonial European rivalry which could infringe on U.S economic and political interests. This is one of the reasons why the U.S went to war against Spain, to kick the Spanish out of nearby Cuba. Along with the threats to America from Central America, and Cuba, trouble was brewing over seas in Europe during the early 20th century. When WWI began, the U.S proclaimed a policy of strict neutrality. However, due to unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmermann Note, Wilson went to congress calling for a declaration of war on Germany. After being victorious in war, Wilson hoped to revolutionize the conduct of international affairs. He came up with the Fourteen Points, which attempted to restore territories occupied during car, eliminate imperialism, trade restrictions, secret treaties, and to set up global organization to prevent future wars. In addition to the Fourteen Points, the Dawes Plan was also enacted. This plan made the U.S banks lend money to Germany so that Germany could meet its reparation payments to countries such as France and United Kingdom. These countries in return, used these payments to service their war debts to the United States. I believe the most significant foreign policy development, is the transition from isolationist nation to an imperial power, as well as the rapid change from a conservative to progressive government, helped to shape America to be what it is today. At the dawn of the 20th century, the United States was in the midst of industrialization. But because the U.S was a different continent from Europe, it desired not to get involved in any of the entanglements of the European nations. However, due to the need for foreign markets to feed the industrial growth, foreign outreach was becoming a necessary evil, and the U.S needed to develop a less isolationist foreign policy.

Personnel Management (HRM) :: essays research papers

Personnel management - The renewed emphasis on the importance of human resources in the 1980s and 90s drew attention to the way in which people management was organized. Specifically, this meant a critical review of the functions of personnel management. Personnel management has been a recognized function in the USA since NCR opened a personnel office in the 1890s. In other countries the function arrived more slowly and came through a variety of routes. This excerpt from Human Resource Management in a Business Context looks at Personnel management from a historical perspective. Further notes: Traditional Personnel Functions †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Recruitment - advertising for new employees and liaising with employment agencies. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Selection - determining the best candidates from those who apply, arranging interviews, tests, references. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Promotion - running similar selection procedures to determine progression within the organization. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pay - a minor or major role in pay negotiation, determination and administration. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Performance assessment - co-ordinating staff appraisal and counselling systems to evaluate individual employee performance. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Grading structures - as a basis for pay or development, comparing the relative difficulty and importance of functions. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Training and development - co-ordinating or delivering programmes to fit people for the roles required by the organisation now and in the future. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Welfare - providing or liaising with specialists in a staff care or counselling role for people with personal or domestic problems affecting their work. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Communication - providing internal information service, perhaps in the form of staff newspapers or magazines, handouts, booklets, videos. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee Relations - handling disputes, grievances and industrial action, often dealing with unions or staff representatives. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dismissal - on an individual basis as a result of failure to meet requirements or as part of a redundancy, downsizing or closure exercise, perhaps involving large numbers of people. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Personnel administration - record-keeping and monitoring of legislative requirements related to equal opportunities and possibly pensions and tax. Personnel Management Personnel management has been a recognised function in the USA since NCR opened a personnel office in the 1890s. American personnel managers worked within a unitarist tradition, identifying closely with the objectives of their organization (key concept 1.3). It was natural for HRM to emerge comparatively smoothly from this perspective. In other countries, notably Australia, South Africa and the UK, the personnel management function arrived more slowly and came from a number of routes. Moreover, its orientation was not entirely managerial. In Britain its origins can be traced to the 'welfare officers' employed by Quaker-owned companies such as Cadburys.

Nature of Love in “A Midsummer Night’s Dream”

Love is a universal theme for many art forms.   More often than not, it is love that is spoken of, whether in songs or films.   This fact holds most true for literature. Countless poems, short stories, novels and plays revolve around the concept of love.   One notable piece of literature that thoroughly deals with love and its nature is A Midsummer Night's Dream by William Shakespeare. The story features four types of love through its characters: forced love, parental love, romantic love, and love between friends.   This essay aims to analyze all the aforementioned types of love in the play and how they are portrayed.Love has multiple dimensions; it comes in many forms. The play is a testament to that, as Shakespeare explores the various types of love within the story.   The play begins with the first type of love, which is forced love between Theseus and Hippolyta.   The story starts with both characters speaking of their upcoming marriage and how soon it will come (Shak espeare).   However, the duke and his bride will marry not because they fell in love with each other.   The union existed because Hippolyta was betrothed to Theseus.   In the play, Theseus said: â€Å"I woo'd thee with my sword,/ And won thy love, doing thee injuries;/ But I will wed thee in another key† (Shakespeare).Love formed through betrothal is considered forced because it was prompted by circumstance to exist.   One does not love another upon such imposition.   Rather, one learns to love the other.   Love is spontaneous; if love is to be learned, it means that one has to force himself/herself in loving the other.   In the play, Theseus and Hippolyta did not seem to have any problems with such arrangement.   Both were minor characters, so the details of their relation were not exactly revealed in the play.   In the past, betrothals are common and the arrangement did not seem to be problematic at that time.   However, in essence, forced love is not re ally love.   Love is a spontaneous emotion that is evoked, as opposed to one that is merely forced.The second type of love is the parental kind, as exhibited by the relationship of Egeus to his daughter Hermia.   In the play, Egeus complains to Theseus that while he had given consent to Demetrius to marry Hermia, it is she who seeks to disobey for her love of Lysander (Shakespeare).   Egeus warns that her disobedience may result in death, while Theseus presents another option which is becoming a nun (Shakespeare).Parental love is that which is received upon birth, a love expressed by parents to their children (Hammack 2).   Among all kinds of love, parental love is most continuous; it is the secure kind of love that remains throughout one's life.   There is nothing more fulfilling than being loved by and having a strong close relationship with the family.   However, this kind of love is not without fault.   Parents may have a negative effect on their children when the former force their will or decisions on the latter.For instance, in the play, Egeus believes that Demetrius is the one most fit to marry Hermia; in his resolve, he discards the feelings of his own daughter for his decision. Thinking his daughter’s life is not hers but his, Egeus says, â€Å"And she is mine, and all my right of her/ I do estate unto Demetrius† (Shakespeare).   As Hermia's father, Egeus acts like he owned her and made decisions with her in mind. Egeus may have preferred Demetrius to be Hermia's husband because he thought that was what was best for her.   Nonetheless, it was Lysander whom Hermia loved, and they did end up together eventually.The third kind of love featured in the play was romantic love.   In the story, two couples demonstrated this kind of love: Hermia and Lysander, and Helena and Demetrius.   In the case of Hermia and Lysander, the feeling was mutual.   They reciprocated each other's love, and it caused them to defy Athenian la w by eloping (Shakespeare).This is the typical concept of romantic love.   It is characterized by the fervent desire to have that special someone in one's life (Hammack 3).   It is also marked by a compromise, in which both shared and carried the load that came with the relationship. Lysander knew that his relationship with Hermia was in danger due to Egeus and Demetrius.   Not wanting to part from his beloved, Lysander suggested that they elope to a place in which the Athenian law cannot hinder their love (Shakespeare).Hermia complied, and together they struggled to overcome the obstacle in their relationship.   Such bold action can only be done by people experiencing romantic love.   One becomes willing to face hardships for the sake of the other, as there is a strong need to be with the beloved and make him or her happy (Hammack 3).The case of Helena and Demetrius is different because even if it still falls under romantic love, it initially involved unrequited love.   Helena is in love with Demetrius, but Demetrius has only eyes for Helena's friend Hermia (Shakespeare).   Hermia informs Helena of their elopement, hoping that she would keep it a secret.   She did not; instead, she thought of Demetrius' welfare and told him of Hermia and Lysander's plans.   She did betray her friend's trust, but she simply wanted to win Demetrius.   Despite the fact that he did not love her, she still wanted him to be happy.   That is why she told him of Hermia's plans.   Helena's love is a romantic one because she sought to make her beloved happy, even if it was at her own expense (Shakespeare).One aspect of romantic love is the desire to look after the happiness of the beloved (Hammack 3).   Helena did that to Demetrius; she knew he loved Hermia, so she told him her whereabouts.   Another aspect of romantic love, as was mentioned earlier, is the need to be with the beloved (Hammack 3).   Helena followed Demetrius in the woods, and even though h e made it clear that he did not want to be with her, she still pursued (Shakespeare).   If Oberon did not take pity on her and if Puck did not put the potion on Demetrius' eyes, Helena would have continued to suffer.   In the end, everything went well, with Demetrius declaring â€Å"The object and the pleasure of mine eye/Is only Helena† (Shakespeare).The last type of love portrayed in the play is a love that is shared by sisters, a love grounded on friendship.   Hermia and Helena shared a special friendship that was almost destroyed by Puck's error (Shakespeare).   Because of Puck, both Lysander and Demetrius fell in love with Helena.   This made Hermia think ill about her friend, making them argue in the process (Shakespeare).The love shared between friends is marked by concern for the welfare of the other (Helm).   This stems from the fact that it involves an extent of intimacy, which in part plays a crucial role in one's personal development.   Love between friends is also characterized by caring for one another (Helm).In the play, after Puck had committed the mistake, Helena thought that the declarations of love from Lysander and Demetrius were mere mockery (Shakespeare).   She also thought that Hermia was also involved.   That is the reason why she spoke about their friendship in detail.   Helena narrates that she and Hermia had a vow of sisterhood; for all the times they spent together, they were like two entities with a single heart.   Their friendship originated from childhood, and continued until their days in school.   That is why Helena was hurt when she thought that Hermia was also mocking her (Shakespeare).Hermia and Helena are bound by love that unites friends.   They are already like sisters. Because they have been together for a long time, they have developed a level of intimacy that they cannot share with others.   Their relationship which began as early as childhood made them responsible for each other's gr owth.   Because there is caring involved between friends, to be mocked by a friend would surely hurt.   Hermia's anger toward Helena when the former thought that the latter stole her lover away was out of the sense of betrayal she felt as a friend.Love indeed comes in many forms, and has numerous different variations. In the playA Midsummer Night's Dream alone, there are four types of love that Shakespeare openly explored: forced love, parental love, romantic love and love between friends.   All these are simply part and parcel of the universal concept that is love.Works CitedHammack, GS. â€Å"Different Types of Love.† Associated Content. 12 June 2006.   12 May 2008 ;https://www.yahoo.com/?err=404;err_url=https%3a%2f%2fwww.yahoo.com%2farticle%2f37378%2fdifferent_types_of_love.html%3fpage%3d3%26cat%3d41;.Helm, Bennett. â€Å"Friendship.† Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 17 May 2005. 12 May 2008 ;https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/friendship/;.Shakespeare, W illiam. A Midsummer Night's Dream. 13 November 2000.   12 May 2008 . Nature of Love in â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream† Love is a universal theme for many art forms.   More often than not, it is love that is spoken of, whether in songs or films.   This fact holds most true for literature. Countless poems, short stories, novels and plays revolve around the concept of love.   One notable piece of literature that thoroughly deals with love and its nature is A Midsummer Night's Dream by William Shakespeare. The story features four types of love through its characters: forced love, parental love, romantic love, and love between friends.   This essay aims to analyze all the aforementioned types of love in the play and how they are portrayed.Love has multiple dimensions; it comes in many forms. The play is a testament to that, as Shakespeare explores the various types of love within the story.   The play begins with the first type of love, which is forced love between Theseus and Hippolyta.   The story starts with both characters speaking of their upcoming marriage and how soon it will come (Shak espeare).   However, the duke and his bride will marry not because they fell in love with each other.   The union existed because Hippolyta was betrothed to Theseus.   In the play, Theseus said: â€Å"I woo'd thee with my sword,/ And won thy love, doing thee injuries;/ But I will wed thee in another key† (Shakespeare).Love formed through betrothal is considered forced because it was prompted by circumstance to exist.   One does not love another upon such imposition.   Rather, one learns to love the other.   Love is spontaneous; if love is to be learned, it means that one has to force himself/herself in loving the other.   In the play, Theseus and Hippolyta did not seem to have any problems with such arrangement.   Both were minor characters, so the details of their relation were not exactly revealed in the play.   In the past, betrothals are common and the arrangement did not seem to be problematic at that time.   However, in essence, forced love is not re ally love.   Love is a spontaneous emotion that is evoked, as opposed to one that is merely forced.The second type of love is the parental kind, as exhibited by the relationship of Egeus to his daughter Hermia.   In the play, Egeus complains to Theseus that while he had given consent to Demetrius to marry Hermia, it is she who seeks to disobey for her love of Lysander (Shakespeare).   Egeus warns that her disobedience may result in death, while Theseus presents another option which is becoming a nun (Shakespeare).Parental love is that which is received upon birth, a love expressed by parents to their children (Hammack 2).   Among all kinds of love, parental love is most continuous; it is the secure kind of love that remains throughout one's life.   There is nothing more fulfilling than being loved by and having a strong close relationship with the family.   However, this kind of love is not without fault.   Parents may have a negative effect on their children when the former force their will or decisions on the latter.   For instance, in the play, Egeus believes that Demetrius is the one most fit to marry Hermia; in his resolve, he discards the feelings of his own daughter for his decision.Thinking his daughter’s life is not hers but his, Egeus says, â€Å"And she is mine, and all my right of her/ I do estate unto Demetrius† (Shakespeare).   As Hermia's father, Egeus acts like he owned her and made decisions with her in mind. Egeus may have preferred Demetrius to be Hermia's husband because he thought that was what was best for her.   Nonetheless, it was Lysander whom Hermia loved, and they did end up together eventually.The third kind of love featured in the play was romantic love.   In the story, two couples demonstrated this kind of love: Hermia and Lysander, and Helena and Demetrius.   In the case of Hermia and Lysander, the feeling was mutual.   They reciprocated each other's love, and it caused them to defy Athenia n law by eloping (Shakespeare).This is the typical concept of romantic love.   It is characterized by the fervent desire to have that special someone in one's life (Hammack 3).   It is also marked by a compromise, in which both shared and carried the load that came with the relationship. Lysander knew that his relationship with Hermia was in danger due to Egeus and Demetrius.   Not wanting to part from his beloved, Lysander suggested that they elope to a place in which the Athenian law cannot hinder their love (Shakespeare). Hermia complied, and together they struggled to overcome the obstacle in their relationship.   Such bold action can only be done by people experiencing romantic love.   One becomes willing to face hardships for the sake of the other, as there is a strong need to be with the beloved and make him or her happy (Hammack 3).The case of Helena and Demetrius is different because even if it still falls under romantic love, it initially involved unrequited love .   Helena is in love with Demetrius, but Demetrius has only eyes for Helena's friend Hermia (Shakespeare).   Hermia informs Helena of their elopement, hoping that she would keep it a secret.   She did not; instead, she thought of Demetrius' welfare and told him of Hermia and Lysander's plans.   She did betray her friend's trust, but she simply wanted to win Demetrius.   Despite the fact that he did not love her, she still wanted him to be happy.   That is why she told him of Hermia's plans.   Helena's love is a romantic one because she sought to make her beloved happy, even if it was at her own expense (Shakespeare).One aspect of romantic love is the desire to look after the happiness of the beloved (Hammack 3).   Helena did that to Demetrius; she knew he loved Hermia, so she told him her whereabouts.   Another aspect of romantic love, as was mentioned earlier, is the need to be with the beloved (Hammack 3).   Helena followed Demetrius in the woods, and even tho ugh he made it clear that he did not want to be with her, she still pursued (Shakespeare).   If Oberon did not take pity on her and if Puck did not put the potion on Demetrius' eyes, Helena would have continued to suffer.   In the end, everything went well, with Demetrius declaring â€Å"The object and the pleasure of mine eye/Is only Helena† (Shakespeare).The last type of love portrayed in the play is a love that is shared by sisters, a love grounded on friendship.   Hermia and Helena shared a special friendship that was almost destroyed by Puck's error (Shakespeare).   Because of Puck, both Lysander and Demetrius fell in love with Helena.   This made Hermia think ill about her friend, making them argue in the process (Shakespeare).The love shared between friends is marked by concern for the welfare of the other (Helm).   This stems from the fact that it involves an extent of intimacy, which in part plays a crucial role in one's personal development.   Love bet ween friends is also characterized by caring for one another (Helm).In the play, after Puck had committed the mistake, Helena thought that the declarations of love from Lysander and Demetrius were mere mockery (Shakespeare).   She also thought that Hermia was also involved.   That is the reason why she spoke about their friendship in detail.   Helena narrates that she and Hermia had a vow of sisterhood; for all the times they spent together, they were like two entities with a single heart.   Their friendship originated from childhood, and continued until their days in school.   That is why Helena was hurt when she thought that Hermia was also mocking her (Shakespeare).Hermia and Helena are bound by love that unites friends.   They are already like sisters. Because they have been together for a long time, they have developed a level of intimacy that they cannot share with others.   Their relationship which began as early as childhood made them responsible for each other 's growth.   Because there is caring involved between friends, to be mocked by a friend would surely hurt.   Hermia's anger toward Helena when the former thought that the latter stole her lover away was out of the sense of betrayal she felt as a friend.Love indeed comes in many forms, and has numerous different variations. In the playA Midsummer Night's Dream alone, there are four types of love that Shakespeare openly explored: forced love, parental love, romantic love and love between friends.   All these are simply part and parcel of the universal concept that is love.Works CitedHammack, GS. â€Å"Different Types of Love.† Associated Content. 12 June 2006.   12 May 2008 .Helm, Bennett. â€Å"Friendship.† Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 17 May 2005. 12 May 2008 .Shakespeare, William. A Midsummer Night's Dream. 13 November 2000.   12 May 2008 .

Health or wealth, which is better ? Essay

God, and value it next to a good conscience: for health is the second blessing that we mortals are capable of. a blessing that money cannot buy†. – Izaak Walton These are words of wisdom and none would question their validity. But there are times when people do value money over health. When a person has been deprived of a thing for too long, he longs for it: and as money is the commodity most in demand people want money to fulfill their eeds. It can help rent or build a house. It can buy medicines, clothes, fruit and food: it can pay for the small pleasures of life as well as the big ones – from a cup of tea to a holiday abroad. Aesthetic and cultural enjoyment – tickets for the latest play, an evening at the opera, an expensive book, the latest L. P. – all these money alone can buy. There are far too many things which are out of the reach of the middle and the working classes. A good education, expensive sports and games like skating and golf, raveling in comfort, owning the gadgets which add comfort to life – these are things which people with limited incomes cannot buy. The unprecedented unemployment of the thirties was responsible for a great deal of human misery and resulted in the loss of self-respect and dignity. It also forced people to recognize the worth of money and resulted in a disproportionate attachment to the material world. There is no denying the value of money and the pleasure of enjoying it: but there are basic issues involved. If money can be got only after a huge amount of sacrifice, is it worth t? Is it really necessary for human beings to go on increasing their needs and temporary pleasures? Or would it be wiser to impose a self-restraint on one’s needs? People get so busy in getting money that they forget how to enjoy it. Engaged in getting money, man has no time for his family or his friends and at times no time even for his health. On the other hand, the pursuit of money may adversely affect both his physical and spiritual health. He may overcome his initial scruples in his desire for power and money. The question then is how much evil is Justified to get to he good. If one has to choose and even if there is no choice, health is better than wealth. A healthy person can look after not only himself but also others. He can be a useful member of society and of a family. He can be generous and sympathetic and be constructive in his thinking. An ailing person whether man or woman is a drain on others. And money can buy medicines, pay for a visit to a health resort or long hospitalization but it can neither buy health nor happiness. It is immaterial that a man can buy an expensive pair of shoes, if he has no shoes. Ultimately it is equally irrelevant whether a man is dressed up in the most expensive clothes, or drives the latest model of an expensive car. What is important is how good a human being he is. And for this he needs health. If he is healthy, his whole approach to life will be governed by this factor. Ask a man who has been through a long illness and an equally long spell of poverty and he will chose health. Money is the value of the man- made world – not of the world God created. Health is a god-given grace and let us be grateful for it.

Anne Frank

Anne Frank Free Online Research Papers â€Å"Anne Frank: The Diary of A Young Girl†, is a diary written by a Jew girl named Anne. During World War II, the Jews were being chased by the German armies, so the Frank family went to live for 3 years to a secret place. During her time in the â€Å"Secret Annex†, Anne went through different maturity stages. But all these changes happened because of the social issues, physical settings, and the political views that Anne had. The most interesting thing is that Anne realized how she grew, internally and externally. The maturity stage that Ann reached at the end, helped her deal with all the final conflicts, before they were caught. Through the 3 years, the social issues were a problem that Anne faced. The constant fights with Mrs. Van Daan were a big influence based on Anne’s maturity. Anne was really upset when Mrs. Van Daan criticized her with the food, although she controlled herself, and she realized it. Also Anne had her constant fights with her mom because they have different personalities, although sometimes Anne tried to do the best so that they would not fight, but when Anne was really upset, with her harsh words, she could make her mummy cry. A great influence on Anne’s feelings was the romance that happened between Peter and her. Before going to the â€Å"Secret Annex†, Anne had the attention of all the boys, but Harry was the one that caught her attention. Harry used to take Anne to the school every day, but when the war started Anne never say Harry again. Because she was used to having all the boys’ attention, she wondered why Peter did not liked her. After some time liv ing in the Annex, Anne started falling for Peter. And it was a good thing, because she was not depressed anymore because her life had an â€Å"object† now. Although all her social issues were complicated, some of them had a positive effect on her life. Certainly, the physical settings were a factor that made Anne’s mood depend on that. The â€Å"Secret Annex† certainly did so. There were some days that were really hot. Anne was a little altered with that situation. Because of this temperature, the butter was melting and it was so hot that Anne could not wash the dishes because her legs hurt too much. But sometimes Anne felt lucky to be on the Annex; when she thought of what was happening on the outside world, she felt like if it was a paradise compared to the outside. The outside world made Anne feel anxious and nervous because she did not know what was happening. The burglars altered not only Anne but the whole family. There was a burglar in whom the people stole the food coupons and some money. The constant movements made suspicious the warehouse man, although they went over this problem easily. All these troubles made Anne more mature by making her go through problems where she could overcome. The major impact that influenced Anne’s maturity was the Political views. The Franks and the Van Daans heard the radio every day. But what affected the most to Anne was that the war was not stable, it changed throughout the course of each day; there were invasions one day and the other one Italy was winning, and the next day Germany was winning territories. The Jews taken away made Anne really worried. She spends tons of time thinking about if her friends were alright, but she thought of Lies the most. Anne wondered if Lies was alive, if she was in a concentration camp, or if she was dead. One of the most important news was the D- Day. It made the Franks’ hopes be a little higher because the invasion has begun, and it would certainly help the Jews. But there were fake hopes because of the news. Because of the D- Day Anne thought that they might be able to survive, but they did not make it through the war. Anne’s difficulties across this process made her maturity levels raise. This novel shows us that Anne overcame some these problems and had a good experience in some of them. The maturity level that she reached made her be prepared so that she could know how to pass this stage of sorrow and pity. And with the help of Pim she was able to figure out that she was changing from being a girl to a woman. The question left is: If she had not been on the â€Å"Secret Annex† would she be able to overcome all these difficulties that happened after and during her life in the â€Å"Secret Annex†? Research Papers on Anne FrankThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2The Hockey GameHip-Hop is ArtQuebec and CanadaThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use

How to Deal With Discipline Problems in the Classroom

How to Deal With Discipline Problems in the Classroom Discipline problems challenge most new teachers and even some veteran educators. Good  classroom management combined with an effective discipline plan helps keep bad behavior to a minimum so the entire class can focus on learning. Classroom rules  must be easy to understand and manageable. Make sure that you dont have such a large number of rules that your students cant consistently follow them. Set an Example Discipline starts with you. Begin each class period with a positive attitude and high expectations. Itll help create a positive learning environment. If you expect your students to misbehave, they probably will. Come to class prepared with lessons for the day. Reduce downtime  for students to help maintain order. Work on making transitions between lessons smooth. For example, as you move from whole-group discussion to independent work, try to minimize the disruption to the class. Have your papers ready to go or your assignment was written on the board so you can move quickly through the process. Many disruptions occur in transitional times during lessons. Be Proactive With Discipline Problems Watch your students as they come into class and look for signs of discord. For example, if you notice a heated discussion before class starts, deal with it then. Give the students a few moments to work things out before you start your lesson. Separate them if necessary and try to gain agreement that during your class period at least, they will drop the issue. Post a discipline plan that you follow consistently to govern student conduct. Depending on the severity of an offense, this should provide a warning or two before formal punishment. Your plan should be easy to follow and cause minimal disruption to your class. For example, first offense: verbal warning; second offense: detention with the teacher; third offense: referral. Use humor when appropriate to diffuse touchy situations. For example, if you tell your students to open their books to page 51, but three students are so busy talking with each other that they do not hear you, resist the urge to yell. Smile, say their  names and ask them calmly to please wait until later to finish their conversation because you would really like to hear how it ends but you have to get this class finished. This should get a few laughs but also get your point across. Be Firm But Fair Consistency and  fairness  are essential for effective classroom management. If you ignore disruptions one day and come down hard on them the next, your students wont take you seriously. You will lose respect and disruptions will probably increase. If you appear unfair in how you enforce the rules, the students will resent you. Address disruptions with in-kind responses. In other words, dont elevate disruptions above their current significance. For example, if two students keep talking in class, dont disrupt your lesson to yell at them. Instead, simply say the students names and issue a verbal warning. You can also try asking one of them a question to bring their focus back to the lesson. If a student becomes verbally confrontational, remain calm and remove them from the situation as quickly as possible. Do not get into yelling matches with your students. And do not bring the rest of the class into the situation by involving them in the disciplinary process. Prioritize Safety When a student becomes visibly agitated, you must maintain a safe environment for the other students. Remain as calm as possible; your demeanor can sometimes diffuse the situation. You should have a plan for dealing with violence that you discussed with students early in the year. You should use the call button for assistance or have a designated student get help from another teacher. Send the other students from the room if it appears they could get hurt. If a fight breaks out in the classroom, follow your schools rules concerning teacher involvement as many administrators want teachers to stay out of fights until help arrives. Keep an anecdotal record of major issues that arise in your class. This might be necessary if you are asked for a history of classroom disruptions or other documentation. Most importantly, let it go at the end of the day. Classroom management and disruption issues should be left at school so you have time to recharge before coming back to another day of teaching.

Conservative Muslims In Liberal Britain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Conservative Muslims In Liberal Britain - Essay Example It emerges that despite the desire by the Muslim parents that their children embrace the liberal culture in Britain, there is still a high incidence of segregation in terms of education that is offered to the children. The parents who insist on taking their children to the Muslim schools majorly fuel the segregation. Young Muslims between the age of 16 and 24 years who are better educated as compared to their parents in Britain are more conservative. Thisgroupstronglysupports sharia laws, anti-gay activities and even dem and death penalties for the act. Itthusshowsthatdevelopment in a close-knit society with a Muslim education makes the children more conservative. It emerges that despite the desire by the Muslim parents that their children embrace the liberal culture in Britain, there is still a high incidence of segregation in terms of education that is offered to the children. The parents who insist on taking their children to the Muslim schools majorly fuel the segregation. Young Muslims between the age of 16 and 24 years who are better educated as compared to their parents in Britain are more conservative. Thisgroupstronglysupports sharia laws, anti-gay activities and even dem and death penalties for the act. Itthusshowsthatdevelopment in a close-knit society with a Muslim education makes the children more conservative. The social and the cultural way of life of the conservative Muslims are also put to question in the program with eliciting of response from the leaders of Islam.

The Fixer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Fixer - Essay Example This article will examine each of the actions taken by Alex Polizzi in different scenes that she visited. It has two seasons, each having six episodes. Season 1 Episode 1 In this episode, Alex Polizzi, an entrepreneur from the Courtyard Bridalwear, single handedly starts a campaign aimed at saving struggling families in the face of the prevailing tricky financial situations. Her first mission was on a Kettering based bridalwear business located in North Hamptonshire. A mother and her two daughters who are engaged in squabbles apparently run this business. Although, the business owner, Anne Preece has decided to remortgage her house to ensure that the business remains succeeds, a decline in profits is still evident. Besides, the business is obsolete, overstocked and seemingly weary. Furthermore, the frequent arguments by the daughters only help to worsen the situation. In order to save this situation, Alex must employ strategic business ideas in his endeavors to make the women reconsi der their feelings towards each other in the hope of turning the fortunes of the business. Apparently, conflicts form part of family businesses meaning that business managers must find appropriate strategies for dealing with them. Alex Polizzi indicates that an amicable relationship between the mother and her two daughters needs the development of formal management structures that would integrate standard practices and policies for managing their business. This would ensure that each person in the business has her duties and roles discretely defined. As a result, it would be simple to avoid cases of conflicts mainly caused by overlap of duties. Season 1 Episode 2 In this episode, Alex Polizzi focuses her attention to a family bakery owned by the Eades in Padstow Cornwall. This business enterprise is at the receiving end of low tourists visitations and holyday makers due to the winter situations that seem to affect business activities, as well as proceeds. Although, the business is o wned as a family, Elaine makes all the decisions of the business without the regard of her children, Luisa and Greg, who are both directors of the business. Subsequently, the business massively suffers from constant recriminations and arguments that slow its progression. It takes the intervention of Alex to instill business ideologies to Elaine’s husband and give him direction of running a business. Alex vehemently states that decision making at all levels should be an involving affair that requires participation of important stakeholders. This supposes that the mother and all her daughters must take part in the decision-making agenda. This would ensure that the decisions that are reached upon are all encompassing. An additional way of resolving such issues and ensuring that the business remains on course is ensuring that the members of the family who are involved in executing operations of the business are entitled to standard salaries. This will help minimize the rivalry in families when issues that pertain to finances arise. Season 1 Episode 3 In this episode, Alex Polizzi’s expertise comes in handy when she is called upon to help a furniture business located in Yeadon, West Yorkshire. Although the business has been in existence for more than three decades, it is now losing its customers at a very fast rate owing to its obsolete state. The Kettley’s Furniture Business also experiences communication breakdowns from its owners, John and

Workforce Effectiveness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Workforce Effectiveness - Essay Example Thus in doing his job, the human resources manager is supposed to be aware of why and how he/she is supposed to carry out his duties. In order to be effective the manager needs to be highly motivated, realistic and visionary among many other characteristics. In developing a security policy organization wise the human resources manager will have to address the issue of constraints on the behavior of workers as well as the constraints imposed on the adversaries by mechanisms such as locks, walls, doors, keys etc. In terms of systems, the security policy is supposed to address constraints related to functions and flow among them. Thus, constraints on access by adversaries and external systems including access to data and programs by un-authorized persons will have to be addressed. The communication system should be highly advanced to prevent illegal tapings on the organizations employees. This would be to protect not only the organizations employees but also the organizations information. This is because this being a call-center business the level of external communication will definitely have to be higher as compared to normal businesses. To safeguard the premises as well as the employee's physical safety, the human resources manager will have to setup a scanning process for all person... In doing this there will be a need for all visitors to explicitly, identify themselves. In addition, the visitors will have to be given visitors passes that can only open doors in the specific floor they are going. In addition to this, employees will have to be issued with gate passes that clearly identify who went where and how. To prevent software, information, or data theft all computers would have to be fitted with biometric mousse. This will limit the number of people who can use certain workstations. To top this up all employees should be scanned for the luggage's they bring in and out to prevent theft of office and organizational tools and information. 3) Parking safety: The parking system should be such that it is clearly visible from the monitoring center. Additionally all vehicles entering the employees parking should be officially registered with the security team and in addition all vehicles parked either at the employees parking or the visitors parking should always be checked to make sure no unwanted materials are smuggled inside the premises. 4) The central locking system: The central locking system should be well programmed to make sure that it gives details of all persons still not logged out from their workstations and floors at their supposed time of business closure. This will go a long way in preventing the actions of certain employees or visitors remaining in the offices at times when they are not supposed to be there. 5) Localized digital monitoring: To ensure maximum internal and external surveillance of the work place, there is need to set up a digital system of video surveillance. This system will have to be operational on a

Which Antibiotic is the Most Effective on Bacteria?

Which Antibiotic is the Most Effective on Bacteria? INTRODUCTION Antibiotics The word antibiotic comes from the Greek anti meaning against and bios meaning life (a bacterium is a life form). Antibiotics are also known as antibacterials, and they are drugs used to treat infections caused by bacteria. Bacteria are tiny organisms that can sometimes cause illness to humans and animals. The singular word for bacteria is bacterium. Such illnesses as tuberculosis, salmonella, syphilis and some forms of meningitis are caused by bacteria. Some bacteria are not harmful, while others are good for us. Before bacteria can multiply and cause symptoms our immune system can usually destroy them. We have special white blood cells that attack harmful bacteria. Even if symptoms do occur, our immune system can usually cope and fight off the infection. There are occasions, however, when it is all too much and our bodies need some help from antibiotics. The first antibiotic was penicillin. Such penicillin-related antibiotics as ampicillin, amoxicillin and benzylpenicilllin are widely used today to treat a variety of infections these antibiotics have been around for a long time. There are several different types of modern antibiotics and they are only available with a doctors prescription in industrialized countries. How do antibiotics work? Although there are a number of different types of antibiotic they all work in one of two ways: A bactericidal antibiotic kills the bacteria. Penicillin is a bactericidal. A bactericidal usually either interferes with the formation of the bacteriums cell wall or its cell contents. A bacteriostatic stops bacteria from multiplying. Uses of antibiotics An antibiotic is given for the treatment of an infection caused by bacteria. They target only bacteria they do not attack other organisms, such as fungi or viruses. If you have an infection it is important to know whether it is caused by bacteria, and not a virus or fungus. Most upper respiratory tract infections, such as the common cold and sore throats are generally caused by viruses antibiotics do not work against viruses. Antibiotics are overused or used incorrectly there is a chance that the bacteria will become resistant the antibiotic becomes less effective against that type of bacterium. A broad-spectrum antibiotic can be used to treat a wide range of infections. A narrow-spectrum antibiotic is only effective against a few types of bacteria. There are antibiotics that attack aerobic bacteria, while others work against anaerobic bacteria. Aerobic bacteria need oxygen, while anaerobic bacteria dont. Antibiotics may be given beforehand, to prevent infection, as might be the case before surgery. This is called prophylactic use of antibiotics. They are commonly used before bowel and orthopedic surgery. Bacteria The word bacteria is the plural of bacterium. Grammatically the headline should just say What are bacteria? The incorrect usage has been included in the headline to remind readers that it is wrong and hopefully help correct an increasingly common mistake in the English language. Bacteria are tiny living beings (microorganisms) they are neither plants nor animals they belong to a group all by themselves. Bacteria are tiny single-cell microorganisms, usually a few micrometers in length that normally exist together in millions. A gram of soil typically contains about 40 million bacterial cells. A milliliter of fresh water usually holds about one million bacterial cells. Planet Earth is estimated to hold at least 5 nonillion bacteria. Scientists say that much of Earths biomass is made up of bacteria. 5 nonillion = 5,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (or 51030) (Nonillion = 30 zeros in USA English. In British English it equals 54 zeros. This text uses the American meaning) Bacterial cell walls Bacterial cell walls consist of layer of peptidoglycan which is made up of many parallel polysaccharide chains with short peptide cross-linkage forming an enormous molecule with net-like structure. However, there are two different types of bacterial cell wall, which can be distinguished by Gram staining, a staining technique developed by Christian Gram in 1984 and still in use today. Before staining, bacteria are colorless. The cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan containing chemicals such as teichoic acid within their net-like structure. The crystal violet in the stain binds to the teichoic acid and resists decolouring in the rest of the process, leaving the positive purple/blue color. The cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner layer of peptidoglycan with ni teichoic acid between the two layers of membranes and then an outer membrane-like layer made up of lipopolisaccharides. Any crystal violet which does not bind is readily decolourised and replaced with red safranine in the Gram stain. So cells appear red. PROBLEM STATEMENT Which antibiotic is the most effective on bacteria? APPARATUS 200 ml of micropipette, conical flask, forceps, 100 ml beaker MATERIALS Petri dish, sample of E.coli and staphylococcus, 3 different types of antibiotic which are carbenicilin, streptomycin and tetracycline, distilled water, Dettol handwash, 75 % of ethanol, agar, tissue paper VARIABLES Fixed variable : volume of bacteria Manipulated variable : types of antibiotic Responding variable : area of inhibition zone HYPOTHESIS The most effective antibiotic to inhibit bacteria growth is ampicillin PROCEDURE First of all, wash out hands with the soap or handwash. The working area is sprayed thoroughly with the disinfectant spray. It is left for at least 10 minutes, and wiped with a paper towel. An agar plate seeded with is prepared. The petri dish is labeled on the base at the edge out of name, the date and type of bacterium it is inoculated with by usng permanent marker pen. After finishing marking the petri dish, the Esterichia coli bacteria is poured by using micropipette into the petri dish on the marked labeling and distribute it evenly. The agar is taken out from 60 ÃÅ'Ã…  C oven. The mouth of the conical flask containing the agar is warmed in the flame to prevent any different bacteria from surrounding grow inside it. The agar is left for 10 minutes for it to solidify before putting the sterile disc dip into three different antibiotics. The forceps are flamed and used them to pick up disc or Mast ring. It is dip into the antibiotic solution and is placed firmly in the centre of the agar. The dish is taped securely with two pieces of adhesive tape and kept it upside down at room temperature for 24 hours. Step 1 until steps 7 are repeated by using another type of bacteria which is staphylococcus. Our hands are washed with soap or handwash and the bench is cleaned again using the 75 % of ethanol. After the incubation, the plate should be looked at carefully but do not open it. Where bacteria have grown the plate will look opaque, but where the antibiotics have inhibited growth, clear zones called inhibition zones will be seen. The diameter of the inhibition zones is measured in milimetres and the information is used to decide which antibiotic is most effective at inhibiting the growth of the bacterium. The data is collected from other members of the class who used the other bacterial cultures. PRECAUTIONS When carrying out the experiment, we should work very closed to the Bunsen burner to prevent any impurities in each apparatus that is used. Do not seal completely the upper and lower part of petri dish. Both petri dishes contain different bacteria need to be inverted to prevent the water vapour from forming at the upper site of the agar. It might affected or overshadow the inhibition zones that are formed inside the dish. Make sure our hands are constantly being wash with disinfectant before touching any apparatus. Before using any apparatus, they should be sterile to prevent any unwanted impurities to grow in the petri dish. Do not open the petri dish after incubation to prevent from infection. Explanation of the data Table above shows the area of inhibition zone of the bacteria growth on two different bacteria. Four types of antibiotics are used to be investigated which is the most effective on a particular bacteria. They are tetracycline, streptomycin, carbenicillin and ampicillin. Whereas two types of bacteria are used which are staphylococcus and Esterichia Coli. For E.coli, ampicilin showed the greatest inhibition area of bacteria growth with 10.2 cmÂÂ ². Another antibiotic that showed the closest reading is streptomycin. Tetacyclin and carbenicilin showed 5.3 cmÂÂ ² and 4.9 cmÂÂ ² respectively. This result clearly shown that ampicilin is the most effective antibiotic to inhibit the growth of E.coli. Besides that, E.coli is a gram negative bacteria. The cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner layer of peptidoglycan with no teichoic acid between the two layers of membranes and then an outer membrane-like layer made up of lipopolisaccharides. In addition to that, Staphylococcus also had a higher inhibition zone of bacteria on ampicilin. Other bacterias have no effect as great as ampicilin which can be consider as a strong antibiotic. Staphy is a gram positive bacteria. The cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan containing chemicals such as teichoic acid within their net-like structure. The crystal violet in the stain binds to the teichoic acid and resists decolouring in the rest of the process, leaving the positive purple/blue color. That is why ampicilin is said to be the most effective antibiotic on both bacterias. Limitations There are some limitations that cannot be avoided when carrying out the experiment. The first one was every apparatus that we used had been sterile by the laboratory assistant. Thus we had to wash our hands thoroughly before touching anything. We even could not talk during the preparation. The problem was we carried out the experiment on the labs table, instead of using the cupboard fume to maintain the sterile apparatus. Thus, there might be some of the apparatus that we were using had been contaminated. This condition might affect the reliability of the experiment hence the expected results might not get at the end of the experiment. Besides that, we had to wash our hands by using the dettol hand soap before we start and end the experiment. We had to remove all the impurities and bacteria and that was the purpose of washing hand. The problem rose as we did not know whether we had washed our hand to the maximum cleanliness. Consequently, all the apparatus and materials that we used might be affected by our hand. This is done so that there are no infections or contaminations on the agar that might give problems later. Sources of error There are some sources of error when carrying out this experiment. Firstly, we prepared the experiment at room temperature. It was supposed to carry out in sterile medium to prevent anything from affecting during the preparation of bacteria and antibiotics. Next, the major problem that could be seen during the experiment was most of the groups could not be able to solidify their agar to the maximum hardness. Consequently, when inverting the petri dish, all its contents would be messy inside the petri dish and the disc had mixed to one another. Thus, the antibiotics on each disc also had mixed that could affected the whole result. To overcome this problem, students should let the agar solidify before inverting the petri dish. Another problem was some of the groups do not invert their petri dish before keeping it inside the incubator. This would cause the water vapour to form at the upper part of the petri dish. It would also affect the growth of the bacteria in agar. Fourth, the layer of agar inside the petri dish was too thin that caused it fell to the bottom when inverting it. Besides ruining the shape of the agar and the position of the discs in the agar, the thin layer of agar also inhibits the growth of bacteria because it lacked of nutrients. To prevent this, the layer of agar should be half of the petri dish. Further work To get more reliable and accurate result, this experiment should be repeated by varying the temperature to investigate the activity of antibiotic on bacteria. This means that increase the temperature would cause the antibiotic to act more rapidly compared to the temperature that we used before. Thus we do not have to wait for 24 hours to see the inhibition zone. This manipulated variable also do not waste the time consuming for the experiment. Moreover, as the antibiotic shows more faster effect, thus the bacteria and antibiotic should be put in separately different petri dish to prevent it from overlapping. CONCLUSION The most effective antibiotic is ampicilin. The hypothesis is aceepted. Words = 2200 Marks and Spencer: Processes of Change Marks and Spencer: Processes of Change Introduction All organizations that are currently undergoing some kind of change. Many of these programs on the changes resulting from management practices, such as culture change, business process engineering, empowerment and quality of the whole. Other initiatives, the changes are dependent on the needs of the organization to reposition the face of changing competitive conditions. A good example is the ongoing process of change at Marks Spencer. Strategic Change The term is usually reserved for such initiatives. These transitions are often related radicals in the organization, which includes strategy, structure, systems, processes and culture. Success in implementing strategic change in organizations is poor. Many simply do not understand that the implementation (which is actually turning plans into reality), and not the wording that is difficult. To the strategic objective becomes a reality, it is necessary to change the way people behave in organizations. This will require more restructuring and new systems. Background of change Faster pace of change is the starting point. Sure, companies live in times of change, indeed, more turbulent age than ever. But what was true for many years. What happened to that last, managers realized that without changes in not only miss opportunities, can kill or paralyze society. Even if an organization indulges in finally change may be too late to prevent continual arthritis of the company. Marks Spencer has been horribly damaged, not only by his lawyer about the size of its reserves, but by managing cattle demonstrated that corresponds to unravel. M S, after serving what turned out to be a strong reflection of heavy blows of its reputation and profits fell by a few weak sales. The worst thing is that Suns statistics were accompanied by anecdotal evidence bad choice of clothing for women, lack of resources, attractive shops which confirmed that the problems were not resolved. M S knew that he needed the conversion to a retailer who fleet feet, a magnet for vendors and managers, and a dynamic leader in the field of fashion. But M S was never one of those three things. During the long reign of dominance Rick Greenbury, the consolidated unnecessary functions from the past: from top to bottom, slowly and deeply conservative. Description of changes in the organization The process of change can be difficult, may be slow and painful. People by nature do not like change. Companies naturally do not like change. The question is whether we want to drive the implementation of strategic changes in our business, how much pain we are ready to commit to adopting means for change? We must first ask the reasons for changes in the business environment? There are four modes of changes that may occur in any company and be seen as the primary cause. The theory of change management Managing change in the tradition of organizational development, considers the organization of social systems, and therefore relates to humanistic element in conjunction with the mechanics of the organization. The aim is to improve the efficiency and prosperity by facilitating the organization of the development process so that eventually the organization is able to solve their problems and adjust if necessary. Therefore, in order to implement effective change, the scientist-physician must be able to adapt and apply appropriate rules to the current situation. Familiar models for inclusion in our theories in use were selected for their usefulness, adaptation and integration of members of the organization. They are listed below. Planned changes to the model of Lewin (1951) These changes in the oldest and most fundamental are that Lewins change model. It consists of three stages: melting, movement and refreezing. The publication is to reduce the peacekeeping forces of organizational behaviour. The movement involves moving behaviour of the organization and re-freezing is to stabilize the new state. Lewins saw a change in behaviour of sources in the organization. These forces are trying to maintain the standard and those who fought for change. Model of action research The classical model of action research focuses on the planned changes as an iterative process in which a preliminary examination on the organization is a way for future research and future needs. Search in the initial phase is estimated to guide research. The model focuses on the massive data collection and identification prior to any action taking place and a careful evaluation later. Emphasis is placed on the organization and work with your doctor to change all stages of the process. Business model is based on the most current research approach to planned change and is often considered synonymous with the IP (Cummings and Worley, 2005) Kotter Model According to Kotter, the plans should be established to develop appropriate stages, achievable and measurable changes, while engaging, enable and facilitate the participation of people as quickly and as openly as possible (Kotter, 1995, p. 2-3). Changes must be realistic, achievable and measurable (Kotter, 1995, p. 6). These aspects are particularly relevant to management and changes in individual groups. Prior to the organizational changes, the organization must determine what it wants to achieve with this change, why and how he knows that change is achieved. It is the address that is affected by this change and how they will react. Finally, how changes in the organization are able to achieve alone and what aspects of the changes he needs a specialist or outside help to achieve. Intervention Our diagnosis, offer interventions to deal with errors or problems and help Marks and Spencer in competition with other organizations. This list, which is not exhaustive credits towards a cultural change, but taking into account the wider context, which is defined at the beginning of the quantitative changes in corporate strategy are required. Therefore, the intervention process, which includes culture change, would be best suited for this case. Transformational change Transformational change is a relatively new organizational change. Is concerned about radical change and is essentially change the way the organization is perceived both internally and externally and how it works. This type of change would be particularly relevant to the case of Marks and Spencer, as it must radically change the way you operate in a competitive environment. Culture change The concept of organizational culture has brought a lot of research and culture, many models have been developed to define measure and observe the culture. However, little consensus about the nature of culture or to understand. Nevertheless, culture has become a very important part of the organization and activities covering a culture change have increased sharply. Schein (1990), Millward (2005) model of culture is one of the most commonly used, consists of four layers at different levels of consciousness. In the centre of the basic assumptions (unconscious, reactions uncontested guide), values (this is important) and norms (how to behave), and finally, artefacts (observable behaviours and procedures). This metaphor of culture cannot hope to capture all the elements of organizational culture, it is a useful tool in the study. Need for change To understand how organizations respond to the need for change, we must examine the organizational processes and management, organization transformation through additions, deletions or changes to the resource base leads to the attainment of these processes of change. We need to know not only what the organization which markets will come, how fast they grow, but how they do it. To understand how organizations respond to the need for change, we must examine the organizational processes and management, organization transformation through additions, deletions or changes to the resource base leads to the attainment of these processes of change. We need to know not only what the organization which markets will come, how fast they grow, but how they do it. Factors that determine the need for strategic change Organizations usually in response to changes in the external environment, as well as the development of competitive advantages in the organization. External environmental factors, including: Social factors Such as changes in demographics and purchasing habits of consumers. Legal factors Legal pressures that force organizations to comply with the law changes, for example, in response to environmental legislation. Economic factors Relate to the booms and declines in economic activity in general, changes in interest rates, inflation, etc. Political factors These are related to wider policy changes for example the government to take a particular line of the privatization / role of government in society. Technological factors Technological aspects of technological advances such as developing new methods based on point of sale by the company. In addition to these factors, he slept a significant impact on the organization, making competition. Slept analysis is an analysis of the major changes in the environment of the organization. This is sometimes called environmental scanning. Managing change is a key aspect of how the organization responds to changes in an appropriate manner. Todays managers believe that in the future, organizations need more leaders who can use the talents of the organization in achieving its objectives, the development of a culture that believes change as an opportunity rather than a threat, regularly invent the organization, effectively planning and implementing change. To succeed in this environment, managers have to do the right things in the existing well-defined procedures and limitations. Predictable and stable environment reduces the need to mobilize the organizations capacity, flexibility, creativity and innovation. The environment has changed radically, and successful organizations and their managers should behave differently. Managers in todays environment are needed to transformation of the organization, to develop good relationships with internal and external stakeholders, run horizontally and vertically, and not the entire culture lines enable employees and the development of networks and alliances. Stakeholders in developing a strategy change Stakeholders are those who have direct interest in the organization and may be beneficial, and harmful to the organization if not properly treated if a policy is adopted in order to keep the company and they should also participate in company affairs and decision making. The system is planned in this direction in which we can pass our message to all actors in society and be in the best interest of the latter. Some of it is also relevant for people who do not want to change or resist change. The behaviour of these people also consider. Resistance to change Responses to organizational change initiatives are no different. In the beginning there is a small proportion of the early adopters those who want to participate, because I just changed a breakthrough that will lead to better conditions. Most of the people affected by the initiative of the changes will be far less enthusiastic than the early adopters, but over time they will eventually accept and adjust to it. Finally, the group will not be very resilient, many of whom will never adapt to the changes in place. This range of behaviour results from a normal distribution. It is a natural phenomenon intuitively understood by most managers of change. Unfortunately, though perhaps unconsciously, to understand the phenomenon, these managers often do not use this knowledge to better organize an effective change. The aim is to adopt the first to develop their support and consciously use their influence to speed up the most reluctant to change. It is important to understand that they do not reflect the impact of hierarchical position. Leaders are natural leaders and respected functional experts who are well connected. They are nodes in the social, business, politics and communications networks, and their sphere of influence goes beyond the scope of their parent organization. While these influential illustrate its support for the changes, they are a marketing tool more powerful than any message issued by the office of managing change. Strategies should be performed on the leaders of high or medium, the goal is to transform them into the first users, and use its influence over the end of the interest or commitment. For those who cannot be pulled forward or to the small force, aims to accelerate the speed of their adaptation to help them better understand and prepare for the consequences of change. It is also focusing on people who are able to adapt, but because of its unique combination of knowledge, skills or abilities, but a significant contribution. Some people will be unwilling or unable to adapt to change. They are already able to demonstrate their acceptance and respect for a change, otherwise, may suffer the consequences clear. Include initiatives that will affect change, how it will affect them and what their reactions might be important for the success of the strategy changes. When an organization brings new things about people, there will be problems. Participation, involvement and open, early, full communication are important factors. How to tell change to people The workshops are very useful process to develop a common understanding, methods, principles, methods, systems, ideas, etc. Surveys are useful to repair the damage and lack of trust among employees if you allow people to fill them out anonymously, and provided that publish and implement the findings. You cannot force change individuals and teams must have the right to seek their own solutions and responses, the facilitation and management support, tolerance and compassion for managers and executives. Management style and leadership behaviour are more important than intelligence and the political process. Employees must have confidence in the organization. A leader must listen to and work with these ideas, or change can be very painful, and soon will be lost in the process. You may also find that the main problem is the resistance of the people and defence of someone who is in the organization, what you do. After this challenge, you can begin to compare what is happening with what the organization intends to do (mission, values, goals, priorities, targets, key performance indicators, process measures), as people feel things (marketing, maintenance workers, morale and attitudes ) as well as customers and suppliers feel too much (in fact, go out and find clients and former clients in particular). Follow the protocol is very difficult you have properly with people and explain who you are and what you do. Be polite. Respect the people more than usual; because they are sensitive, it is understandable. The framework for change management at Marks Spencer Marks Spencer has been under pressure to change the external economic factors and not yet answered correctly. It is for this reason that the approach proposed amendment is necessary to initiate and implement change is being driven by the management of physician (s). Using current models and theories of change management in the organization development, proposed a framework for planned changes that could be used by Marks Spencer. Context of Changing First, in the context of the situation to be addressed in order to develop appropriate methods of change. This can be done in three dimensions: The volume changes Incremental change to solve specific problems such as lack of communication and low customer satisfaction Quantum amendment to change the basic functioning of organizations, including the structure and culture Degree of organization Over-organized where policies are too rigid for effective action due to poor communication, conflict avoidance, etc. Sub-structured where there is too little regulation for the effective operation due to lack of direction and coordination structure. Domestic vs International Cultural differences, especially between Eastern and Western societies, for example, Asian countries tend to be hierarchical and North America deal with individuality. It can be difficult to implement change, which encourages openness among employees when it is not viewed positively. In the case of Marks and Spencer, the magnitude of change is that major changes in the quantum of culture, structure and strategy must be addressed. They will be included in the applied intervention. They are also highly organized society with the management system now that he is honoured to be part of the overall problem. Although the system successfully in the past, is steeped in ancient culture and able to adapt to a redesigned image of Marks Spencer. Therefore, the process of change at Marks Spencer will focus on softening of the structure. General review, Marks Spencer, will be treated as a citizen of the operation of this case, since closed down its operations in Europe and North America sold its franchise stores in Hong Kong. The model change is composed of seven steps to help developers to the key issues of transformation. Activities focus on people, leadership, trust, vision, empowerment, celebration and institutionalization. Despite the emerging linear stages can occur simultaneously. Effective communication is the mortar. There must be open and honest communication in every step of the process, and communication needs to combine these steps together. Nothing can destroy the effort to change sooner or permanently, that poor communication. Here are the steps for effective transition. Assessment and solve human problems Contractor changes need to invest time and effort to understand the problems of people does not appear in place of those who suffered, and then practice the golden rule of treating others as they would be treated. Exercise strong leadership in the organization Without strong leadership, positive change will not. Leadership can no longer be the domain of a few organizations all the staff responsible should do what it takes to achieve organizational goals. This is especially true when change must occur. Many must step in and assume leadership. Spreading leadership and decision-making responsibilities, inspires and motivates everyone to play a role in implementing the changes. Building trust in the leadership Confidence is simply the belief that it would suffer if threatened. Obviously, the level of mutual trust between labour and management or between supervisors and subordinates affects the health of the organization. Clearly articulate the vision to all If you want to change, please explain the reason and purpose of fundamental change. People cannot have a real idea of where the organization is or what problems it faces. You have to tell them. They need to understand the purpose for the desired result. Be prepared to answer these questions: What is the problem? Who said that? What happens if you do not change? Creating an helpful environment Organizations can do everything possible to prepare the ground for change in response to the concerns of people in order to demonstrate strong leadership, building trust, formulating a vision all, that is, but to create an environment to enable success. Honest answer is that you can get almost as much as you want to manage anything else of a turbulent, messy, chaotic nature, it is not really manage it, talk with her. It is a question of leadership is one of management skills. The first thing to do is jump in. You cannot do something outside. A clear sense of mission or purpose is essential. A simple mission, the better. Building a team that can work hard and one of them is the team leader. Pick people with relevant skills and high energy levels. Youll need two. Set flexible priorities. You must have the ability to drop what youre doing and tend to something more important. Treat everything as a temporary measure. Ask for volunteers. You will be surprised that arises. You will be pleasantly surprised what you can do. Find a good boss or team leader and stay in his way. Conclusion In concluding this report, we can say that effective reforms introduced to the strategy are to maximize the huge returns if these changes are well managed. In this report, and Spencer takes on the characters thinking and different models are also discussed to show the strategic shift from Marks Spencer, which is a leading company in the UK, but suffered from some activities for that has to change, and finally models Kotter and Lewins, a representative of the role of stakeholders that their existence in the affairs of the company is very necessary to be able to join in their decisions and At last appropriate model is also developed, which will provide guidance for better performance.