The Theory, Cognitive, And Information Processing - 911 Words

Learning has become a central focus in this fast developing world. Education is becoming more and more valuable due to economic advancements. According to text on page 307, Learning can be defined as a relatively permanent influence on behavior, knowledge and thinking skills that comes about through experience. Each person has a unique way of learning, and for a child, it is the teacher s responsibility to understand how each child learns. There are several different learning theories. However, we will be discussing these three main theories Behavioral, Social Cognitive, and Information Processing. Behaviorism is everything that we can directly observe. According to the text on page 308, For the behaviorist, behavior is everything that we do, both verbal or nonverbal, that can be directly seen or heard. The learner starts off as a clean sheet of paper through positive or negative reinforcement behavior is shaped. In contradiction, punishment positive or negative decreases the probabi lity that the previous behavior will happen again. Behaviorism is for beginner developing mind who is starting to learn something new, or for training a pet. For example, as I recently started learning bicycle riding; as a beginner, I was told to sit on the bike while my instructor who happened to be my husband hold the bike from behind, as I push down on the pedals with my feet to move the bike. At this point, balancing is an important part of riding the bike as I started toShow MoreRelatedTheories of Cognitive Development: an Insight to the Theories of Piaget, Information-Processing and Vygotsky1464 Words   |  6 PagesTheories of Cognitive Development: An insight to the theories of Piaget, Information-processing and Vygotsky How do we learn? How do we grow? Over the years, psychologists have studied to great lengths the processes that humans go through as they progress from infancy to adulthood. Several theories have emerged over time with three prominent ones. Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky produced two important and distinct theories. Another important theory, the information-processing theory, presentsRead MoreUnderstanding Piaget Theory And Information Processing Theory1208 Words   |  5 Pagesstudy of Cognitive theories has many different aspects that have been debated many years ago. Developmental psychologists try to explain cognitive development approaches which describe the process of human s thought. One of the developmental psychologist who studied on the area of cognitive was Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget a Swiss psychologist was the first developmental researcher who has extensive research on cognitive development. In addition, the revolution of Jean Piaget’s cognitive theory has cha ngedRead MoreIdentifying the Components of Cognitivist Theories Used in, Kermit and the Keyboard.1488 Words   |  6 PagesLenora A. Mayne American Intercontinental University May 2013 EDU 622: Applying Learning Theories Identifying The Components of Cognitivist Theories used in, Kermit and The Keyboard. Abstract Cognitivism emphasizes on the explanation of cognitive structures and process, and the intervention of these structures and processes between instruction and learning (Glaserfeld, 1989). The study of cognitivism has allowed for educators, theorist and psychologist to understand the conceptsRead MoreEssay Kermit and the Keyboard from a Cognitivist Perspective840 Words   |  4 PagesInstruction (2005). Cognitive Information Processing, Piagetian Theory, and Interactional Theories of Cognitive Development are the three perspectives given on how Kermit learns to play the keyboard. These theories have similarities as well as divergent views on development. Kermit and the Keyboard from a Cognitivist Perspective Cognitive Information Processing, Piagetian Theory, and Interactional Theories of Cognitive Development explored the principles associated with human cognitive development inRead MoreCognitive Information Processing Versus Brain-Based Learning970 Words   |  4 PagesCognitive Information Processing Versus Brain-Based Learning Carla A. Bastian University of Phoenix Cognitive Information Processing Versus Brain-Based Learning Teachers are always searching for effective ways to improve instruction and increase the overall learning experience for everyone. The results of Brain-based learning have presented a different perspective from the theories of the past, how it improves current teaching practice, and learning. Like brain research, cognitive informationRead MoreInformation Processing Theory: Influencing Cognition983 Words   |  4 PagesInformation Processing Theory: Influencing Cognition Historically, viable theoretical models have been developed and applied throughout the history of the field of psychology in an attempt to better understand how the human mind receives, processes, stores, and retrieves information. Understanding how the human brain receives, processes, stores, and recalls information is significantly important to psychological research of cognitive development and identifying deficiencies in learning. The vastRead MoreThe Theories : Dual Coding Theory, Multimedia Learning Theory And Cognitive Load Theory904 Words   |  4 Pages2.2: Theoretical Frameworks In analysis of the literature on information processing and observational learning in the context of learning with instructional video tutorials, it can be concluded that there are three foundational theories: dual coding theory, multimedia learning theory and cognitive load theory. 2.2.1: Observational Learning Screencasting is popular due to its ability to offer picture, motion and simulation, all of which provide the viewer with a sense of realistic context when attemptingRead MoreCognitive Learning Theory Essays1499 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive Learning Theory Psychology of Learning PSY 331 October 12, 2009 Abstract Cognitive learning theories emerged in the mid-1900s and were a dramatic departure from the behaviorist learning theories so popular at the time. The advent of the computer also contributed to the emergence of cognitive theories of learning because computers provided the first means to metaphorically conceptualize human cognition (Bates, 1999). Cognitive learning theories are based on the assumption thatRead MoreFrancis Simonh M. Bries (2012-24817, Ma Psychology). Psychology1704 Words   |  7 PagesFrancis Simonh M. Bries (2012-24817, MA Psychology) Psychology 282: Reflections—A Theory of Heuristic and Systematic Information Processing 14 February 2017 Heuristic and Systematic Processing: When Do People Think? As opposed to attribution theory s emphasis on human rationality in the search for the causes of behavior, the theory of heuristic and systematic information processing takes a stance on the opposite end: Humans, with all things being equal, could not be bothered to think deeper thanRead MoreUnderstanding Of Different Learning Theories1092 Words   |  5 PagesDIFFERENT LEARNING THEORIES AND THEIR IMPLICATION AND APPLICATION TO e-LEARNING AND ONLINE LEARNING ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to explain the understanding of different learning theories and their implication and application to e-learning and online learning. These theories are classical conditioning, behaviorist theory, information processing theory or cognitive theory and constructivist theory. The paper focuses mainly on how learners should learn from different learning theories and how technology

The Navajo Code Talkers Free Essays

Major General Howard Connor once said, â€Å"Were it not for the Navajos, the Marines never would have taken Iwo Jima† (Teller 1). During the Second World War, Navajo Code Takers were some of the most important troops for the Allied Powers. They used a secret code to relay undecipherable messages to one another (Jones 1). We will write a custom essay sample on The Navajo Code Talkers or any similar topic only for you Order Now There were many important people of World War II. The first person to suggest using the Navajo Language to send messages was Philip Johnston. Philip’s father was a missionary to Navajos, so Philip was raised on Indian reservations almost his whole childhood. He could both speak and understand fluent Navajo. Knowing that other Indian languages had been used before, Philip thought Navajo would be perfect. Navajo was unwritten, unknown, had a complex form, a hard pronunciation, and had so many high and low tones that made it impossible to decipher. In World War I, 19 Chocotaw men worked bravely for the U. S. (Jones 1). By knowing this, Philip put his plan into action. His idea worked so well that Navajos were able to encode, transmit, and decode a three-line English phrase in a matter of about twenty seconds (Infoplease 1). This proved that the Navajo Language could be used for code talking. In 1942, 29 Navajo men were recruited by the United States Marine Corps. These men were not told why they were needed or how long they would be gone. Most importantly they were not allowed to tell anyone, not a family member or even another marine, about what they were going to be assigned to. Theodore Parker, a preacher and writer once said, â€Å"Let us do our duty, in our shop in our kitchen, in the market, the street, the office, the school, the home, just as faithfully as if we stood in the front rank of some great battle, and knew that victory for mankind depends on our bravery, strength, and skill. When we do that, the humblest of us will be serving in that great army which achieves the welfare of the world. † The Navajo men felt that this calling to the military was their duty and obligation. Never before had the country so desperately wanted them. This gave the Navajos a sense of strength to get through hardships other men could not. Their duty was to create a code, based on the Navajo Language, which would not be deciphered by the Japanese (Infoplease 1). The code that they created used Navajo words. When these words were translated to English the first letter of the English translation would help to spell out a totally different message. â€Å"Wolachee† is in Navajo. In English it means ant. To decipher a code the person would take the â€Å"A† in ant along with many other letters and these would spell out a word. In the end, the Navajos had many words for just military terms and words instead of having to spell out the whole thing (Infoplease 1). Navajos played a big part in the communication of many battles. In fact, every major operation involving marines in the pacific area had code talkers. In the Battle of Iwo Jima, six code talkers worked for two days straight and sent over 800 messages. Not a single one of these messages, however, contained an error (Infoplease 1). The code talkers would alert one another for planes, or for enemy infantries, and much more. The Navajo Code Talkers saved many lives with their unique way of communication and were by far the best way of communication during World War II. Although the Navajos were not allowed to tell anyone about their amazing accomplishments and feats during World War II, they have now received medals and awards for their outstanding service. It is truly amazing that the Navajos were so loyal to their country that they never told even their closest relative or friend about their missions. A great person once said, â€Å"Men of genius are admired, men of wealth are envied, men of power are feared; but only men of character are trusted. † The Navajos had none of these things except character, and for that they will always be known. Even though many Japanese tried to break the Navajo code, every one of them that tried found it impossible to decipher (Grant 131). The Navajo code is now, and always will be, known as the code that was never broken (Infoplease 1-2). How to cite The Navajo Code Talkers, Papers

Evaluation Plan and Integrate EBP Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Evaluation Plan and Integrate EBP. Answer: Evaluation Plan Elements Create a vision for EBP This help to define the preferred future stand of the company in regard of its major objectives. Vision is the long-term outlook of the company; it narrates what the institution wants to become. The statement should take into consideration all the members and the EBP adopted should make the staff comfortable (Melnyk, Gallagher?Ford, Long Fineout?Overholt, 2014). The vision should help in outlining the following items: enhancing the staff involved in the research, increasing clinical study within the company and also enhancing the ability of the members to offer evidence-based care. Engage resource and personnel EBP requires the facilitation of the change process and input from different skilled internal and external facilitators. The model needs a theoretical explanation of the real meaning of EBP. All the staff should be given enough training in the area of EBP, strictly followed by enough time resource to help them learn and gain enough knowledge for the implementation of the entire process (Khammarnia, Haj Mohammadi, Amani, Rezaeian Setoodehzadeh, 2015). EBP training helps the management to reduce resistance and barriers to implementing EBP. The two major important areas include; understanding what EBP entails and recognizing clinical issues for applying EBP. There also need for understanding research and terms of the statistics, performing critical appraisals, implementing recommendations to users and general literature searches are the core for purpose of understanding EBP. Integrate EBP and nourish the culture EBP is a process that requires enough time for full implementation in the organization, nurses and other staff members need to identify clinical issues and ensuring that EBP is in line with the culture of the organization. Evaluate the evidence The organization should then evaluate the model and ensure that it performs towards fulfilling organizations goals put in place. EBP should be efficient and effective and enhances the performances of every member of the staff. Objectives and Strategies Objective: Develop a mental framework Strategy: Developing a written summary of what is to be achieved. Brainstorming will staff about the environment to be created. Objective: Establish a motivating image for change Strategy: Utilizing creativity for capturing clinical staffs attention. Taking advantage of actual clinical scenarios to emphasize the necessity for practice changes is another strategy. Objective: Create specific goals Strategy: Focusing on short-run, achievable goals and establishing solely 2-3 goals at a go. Objective: Gain administrative support Strategy: Contacting responsible administrators for clinical practice. Another strategy is creating a presentation which denotes the need for transforming the culture into Evidence-based practice surrounding. Seeking administrators accountable for clinical practice is required. Objective: Establish a leadership team Strategy: Identification of central personnel with EBPs passion. Conducting a small focus-group discussion/meeting is required. Objective: Involve experts and EBP mentors in clinical practice Strategy: Identification of EBP mentors and clinical experts focused in the areas. Engaging clinical specialists support. Barriers The six barriers to the implementation of EBP include institutional/cultural, lack of knowledge, lack of motivation, physician and patient factors, limited access to up-to-date, user-friendly technology and computer system and time management. Institutional/Cultural barriers Significant barriers are cultural factors in the institution and need to promote system-wide hospital change. Hospital system cultural attitude undermines the significance of professional advancement among the nurses (Jordan, Bowers Morton, 2016). Also, a traditional norm alongside a strong tendency of falling back on habits instead of basing practice on current evidence is also a barrier. Lack of Knowledge Lack of a basic knowledge of EBP is a barrier. Nurses fail to acknowledge criteria which reflect high-quality study/research. Mostly, lack of knowledge is never discussed as a theme in respective focus groups (Williams, Perillo Brown, 2015). Time management Some nurses hold that it is unrealistic to expect a nurse to follow up with study/research to reinforce their practice while taking care of patients. EBP implementation is a time consuming process with lots of bells and hoops to jump via and individuals to converse with to achieve implementation (Considine Currey, 2015). Physician and Patient Factors Different conflicting beliefs and values among doctors and patients hamper EBP care provision. Some doctors knowingly use obsolete practice because they feel it is evidence-based. Some patients do not want to alter their treatment plans when novel evidence arises. Lack of Motivation Lack of personal drive alongside motivation is required to improve nurse provision of better professional care. Nurses remain disinterested or uninspired to embrace EBP. Many nurses remain unmotivated to implement EBP due to the length of time between current employment and formal academic training (Bucknall, Forbes, Phillips, Hewitt, Cooper Bogossian, 2016). Limited access to up-to-date user-friendly technology and computer system Inadequacy computer resources hamper EBP implementation. Nurses providing direct patient care need access to as well as assistance with technical resources. References Bucknall, T. K., Forbes, H., Phillips, N. M., Hewitt, N. A., Cooper, S., Bogossian, F. (2016). An analysis of nursing students decision?making in teams during simulations of acute patient deterioration.Journal of advanced nursing,72(10), 2482-2494. Considine, J., Currey, J. (2015). Ensuring a proactive, evidence?based, patient safety approach to patient assessment.Journal of clinical nursing,24(1-2), 300-307. Jordan, P., Bowers, C., Morton, D. (2016). Barriers to implementing evidence-based practice in a private intensive care unit in the Eastern Cape.Southern African Journal of Critical Care (Online),32(2), 50-54. Khammarnia, M., Haj Mohammadi, M., Amani, Z., Rezaeian, S., Setoodehzadeh, F. (2015). Barriers to implementation of evidence based practice in Zahedan teaching hospitals, Iran, 2014.Nursing research and practice,2015. Melnyk, B. M., Gallagher?Ford, L., Long, L. E., Fineout?Overholt, E. (2014). The establishment of evidence?based practice competencies for practicing registered nurses and advanced practice nurses in real?world clinical settings: proficiencies to improve healthcare quality, reliability, patient outcomes, and costs.Worldviews on Evidence?Based Nursing,11(1), 5-15. Williams, B., Perillo, S., Brown, T. (2015). What are the factors of organisational culture in health care settings that act as barriers to the implementation of evidence-based practice? A scoping review.Nurse education today,35(2), e34-e41.

Market Success To Succession

Question: Since commercial computers were first introduced in the early 1950s, their role, power, and importance has so expanded that the current period is often called The Information Age. Over the past decade, policy makers and the public have become progressively more concerned as success in information markets has lead to a concentration of market power that allows a few firms to dominate what is increasingly seen as a commodity essential to modern life. This paper argues that, in modern information markets, success allows domination but also creates the conditions that lead to succession the giants of one micro-age tend to become commodity suppliers to the movers and shakers of the next micro-age. This study separates the first 50 years of The Information Age into the Hardware and the Software Micro-ages. It is suggested that the user-training focus, of the now dawning Wetware Micro-age, will profoundly affect information markets and practises.Read the case study Success to Succession. I dentify the importance of wetware costs. Identify an organisation implementing an Accounting Information System. Discuss the relevance of wetware costs to the implementation in the organisation you have identified. Draw some conclusions. Answer: Wetware cost refers to the cost of the programmers, developers, and cost of system administrators. Wetware cost affect to a great extent in the success and failure of the IT system. Wetware cost is basically related with the involvement of the human needs and the adjectives. Wetware costs needs to be undertaken properly as if the wetware cost are not timely looked after and kept under control then the wetware costs will keep on dominating the decisions related to the process of IT acquisition. Various incentives are taken up in order to reduce the hardware and the software costs but the increasing wetware costs will have an adverse effect on the hardware and the software costs. The importance of wetware costs is that the wetware costs have an adverse effect on the IT markets. It is important as it helps in the human logical and computational capabilities. The wetware costs will lead to increment in the direct costs. The wetware cost brings for the cost of the data cleansing process. The wetware cost can affect the whole budget for the system integration. They will also affect the budget for the infrastructure support which forms a very important part of the organizational process. The wetware cost will affect the level of efficiency of the operations thus it needs to be carefully planned and managed. The wetware cost can provide a base for the reuse of the software components. They can also help in further innovation process.Amazon is an organization that is implementing an accounting information system. Accounting information system are basically the collection, storage, processing and implementation of the financial and the accounting data in the organization so as to facilitate the decision making process. It provides the process of accounting information in accordance with the information technology process. Thus the reports generated by the accounting information system are effectively used by the management.Wetware cost forms a very important part in the implementation of the Amazon. They help in avoiding automation and thus avoiding to relying on the human intervention. The implementation requires for standardization processes so as to have adequate management practices. The usage of the wetware in business helps in process management by management by exception, the process can be handled in accordance with the exception handling procedure, the wetware cost will provide for the reconciliations of the data that is been formed as the part of the financial statements. This is help in maintaining adequate data as high quality will be provided by application of the wetware costs. Wetware data management is very important procedure as it includes the opportunity costs which require proper concern in regard to proper implementation. The proper implementation requires for the long term result fixing problems. The identification of the wetware costs is very effective in the creation of the new opportunities. They will help in removing all inefficiencies that are related to the delay. The wetware will help in reuse of the software components thus will help in proper implementation. Proper management of the wetware cost will help in increasing the utility of th e existing infrastructure components and the software components. They will help in providing optimization and scalability in the implementation of the data in the organization. It will help in providing a proper monitoring plan which will work as the early warning system for the management. The wetware will help in improvement of the client services. They will help in providing further innovation in eth implementation process of the organization. They will help in providing a real time analysis of the implementation procedures that are available in the organization. The proper implementation procedure will then help in improving the situation of the profitability of the organization. They will hell in providing decisions and support on time to time basis. They will help in providing proper compliance and thus the preparation of the regulatory reports. The wetware costs are relevant for the intake of the quality decisions and the preparation of the management reports.The wetware costs form a very important part of the organizational success. They will help in providing data profiling, data cleansing, and thus provides a base for the data visualization. The true value is being enhanced. The true value basically comes from the process of relationships, correlations and var ious inferences that are being drawn from the process related to control of the wetware costs. Wetware cost will help in maximizing the data utility. A set of strategic and planned considerations are undertaken in order to affect the easily accessible data. The wetware cost thus helps in managing the lifecycle of the data. Various processes need to be undertaken in regard to maintenance and lying down of the data. Wetware cost will help in delivering the technology superiority as the technological benefit is helpful in the process of attaining success in the business processes. It provides a clear direction and vision that is necessary for the purpose of attaining superiority in the field of technology. Wetware solutions tend to provide adequate solutions to the software problems of the organization. Wetware costs tend to provide a well-planned set of different technologies which can be used effectively and efficiently for the purpose of attaining success. The wetware cost provides a proper pyramid of the data technology. The data visualization, data management, data processing, data distribution architecture, data storage which are the bases of the data technology. The computer based accounting information system is very effective in the process of automation of the operations in the organization and the streamline reporting. They will provide summarized and timely information which is effective for decision making and process of financial reporting. They will help in pulling data from the centralized system and then disseminating the data in accordance with the needs of the various users and thus implementing data records and thus preparing various management reports which can be effectively used by the various users in an electronic manner. Thus wetware cost forms an effective part of success of the organization. References S. Wright I. Dawood, 2009, Information Technology: Market Success To Succession; Review of Business Information Systems-Fourth Quarter 2009, Volume 13, Number 4. GreySpark, 2014, Deriving Value from the data flood

How to Write a Stanford Application Essay

How to Write a Stanford Application EssayA unique way to learn how to write an application essay is to find a good Stanford application essay sample. The resources that you find online will give you several different samples. You can choose one or two to start with and then read them until you understand what they're talking about. You should take the time to read over as many examples as you can before getting too much information into your writing.The Stanford application essay can be a long term process. It might seem like you are writing something for a semester, and in a couple of months you could be an intern at Stanford. If you don't want to put the time in, you should at least look over a sample so you understand what to do. You can ask an admissions advisor if you want a sample, but most likely they won't have any.You will find a sample anywhere that you look, whether it is online or offline. There is no real secret to it, but instead, it is a question of trying to understan d what the college requires of you. One of the things you'll find is that there are several different types of essays that you need to know about.The first thing you'll find is that some essays are a way to assess the skills you need to bring to a work environment. For example, there are the business essay and the creative essay. These are more for applying to colleges that do not have a strong understanding of those areas, such as one where you might be working in sales.A third way to look at this is that some colleges are looking for another type of person that might need their attention. Maybe they are looking for someone who will have a sense of style, has a mind for creativity, and others. The essays for all of these aspects of students is written.Finally, one of the characteristics of an academic essay is that it will describe your experience and give facts about your background. It will also tell about how you are different than the average student, such as the fact that you are going to be in an interview for a job that has a very high salary. Some essays are very broad, such as, 'I have a great degree', while others are more detailed, such as, 'I was awarded a Harvard Scholarship'.When you have looked at the samples and you've read about the difference between the different forms of essays, you can begin to get a handle on the best way to write the Stanford application essay. Make sure that you understand what the guidelines are and that you feel confident enough to know what to do with them. If you're unsure, contact an admissions advisor, but the sample shouldn't be the basis for everything you do.

Top Competitive Internships to Apply For

Many college programs require that students have internships — and for good reason. The benefits of these opportunities are numerous and include learning more about a field, gaining hands-on, practical experience, and making sure your educational and career paths are truly what you want. Prestige is another advantage with some internships. They are competitive, with only the best of the best landing spots. Quite a few employers stand up and take notice of anyone who has done one of the following internships. 1. White House Location: Washington, D.C. Paid/Unpaid: Unpaid Application deadline: Exact dates vary; expect a January date for the summer term, an April deadline for the fall semester and a September date for the spring semester. Specific internship application requirements vary with each presidential administration. However, you should expect to submit a resume, cover letter or essay, and letters of recommendation, among other materials. To see if applications are open, click here. 2. AppleLocation: Santa Clara Valley, California; Austin, Texas Paid/Unpaid: Paid Application deadline: Deadlines change based on the position. The best practice is to submit your application materials as soon as an internship is posted. Interns are well compensated and may be paid almost $7,000 a month (not considering overtime), according to some reports. To boost your chances of landing an internship here, you should already have some internship experience. In fact, many internships are available for bachelor’s, master’s and doctorate students. To review internship postings, click here. 3. Boston Consulting GroupLocation: Boston, Chicago, D.C. and select other U.S. cities. International opportunities are available, too. Paid/Unpaid: Paid Application deadline: Expect to submit your application by January for a summer internship. BCG consults with businesses to solve their problems. The internships require good effort on your part; two rounds of interviews with several interviewers each round are the norm. Prepare for case-style conversations, as well as data-driven questions. BCG encourages students from all types of fields to apply. Interested? Click hereto begin your application. 4. MoMaLocation: New York City Paid/Unpaid: Paid Application deadline: Varies depending on term chosen; MoMa offers fall, spring and summer internships, as well as 12-month opportunities. (Previous seasonal interns may apply for a 12-month internship.) MoMa, or the Museum of Modern Art, is perhaps the most well-known museum in New York City. Its internships are highly selective, with only about 10 interns hired for the 12-month terms, and 25 to 30 for the seasonal intervals. Students must have completed at least two years of college by the time their internship begins; no internships in the finance and general counsel departments are available. Administrative work is part of all internships, with other duties depending on specific needs. Want to try for an internship at MoMa? Start here. 5. DisneyLocation: All over the world (internships include positions at The Walt Disney Studios, Disney Parks, The Walt Disney Company, Marvel and others). Paid/Unpaid: Paid Application deadline: Positions are posted throughout the year, so deadlines vary. Students in any discipline qualify for Disney internships. For example, 2017-2018 internship titles include buying intern, marketing intern, IT intern, finance intern, research intern and animation intern. Perks include events exclusive to interns, as well as various Disney discounts. Relocation and housing assistance are available in some cases. Check out the list of open internships here. There is no time like now to consider your career possibilities, and of course, the internships listed here are just the tip of the iceberg. Many competitive internships are out there; consider factors such as whether they are paid, where they are and how well they align with your interests and with your career goals.

APA Referencing †How to Cite a Website (Proofed)

APA Referencing – How to Cite a Website (Proofed) APA Referencing – How to Cite a Website These days, with the World Wide Web at our fingertips, many students don’t even know what a book looks like. OK, that’s not true. It would be pretty difficult to be at college without going to the library at least occasionally. Why is it all papery? Can I adjust the brightness? The point we’re trying to make is that the internet is an increasingly valuable tool for research when writing a college paper, so knowing how to cite a website correctly is vital. In this post, we take you through the basics of citing a website using APA referencing. In-Text Citations Parenthetical citations for a website are the same as for any other source, requiring you to give the author’s surname and year of publication: APA referencing has specific rules for citing a website (Lee, 2010). Make sure to look carefully, as often the name of the author or date of publication can be tucked away somewhere. If, however, you cannot find the details required, there are alternatives. If you can’t find the name of the author, you can use a shortened version of the article title instead: The tutorial is designed for complete newcomers to APA style conventions (â€Å"The Basics of APA Style,† 2016). If you can’t find the date, you can use â€Å"n.d.† to indicate this: Proofreading helps you achieve the grade you deserve (ProofreadMyPaper, n.d.). Reference List As with any source, you should add any websites cited in your work to the reference list. The basic format for this in APA referencing is: Author (year and date). Title of document [Format description]. Retrieved from URL The â€Å"format description† part is only required if you’re citing a specific kind of document or site, such as a blog post or an online slideshow. For instance, the blog post cited in the first example above would appear in the reference list as: Lee, C. (2010, November 18). How to cite something you found on a website in APA style [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2010/11/how-to-cite-something-you-found-on-a-website-in-apa-style.html?_ga=1.106662403.1685488010.1435410218 When information is missing regarding the author or date of publication, use the same conventions as described above for citations. For instance, a page with no named author would appear as: The basics of APA style (2016). Retrieved from apastyle.org/learn/tutorials/basics-tutorial.aspx. A page with no date of publication, meanwhile, would simply use â€Å"n.d.†: ProofreadMyPaper (n.d.). About us. Retrieved from https://getproofed.com/services/academic-proofreading