Perrines Literature Structure, Sound, Sense 11th Ed. (Poetry) Essay Example

Perrines Literature Structure, Sound, Sense 11th Ed. (Poetry) Essay Example Perrines Literature Structure, Sound, Sense 11th Ed. (Poetry) Paper Perrines Literature Structure, Sound, Sense 11th Ed. (Poetry) Paper Essay Topic: Poetry Alliteration The repetition at close intervals of the initial consonant sounds of accented syllables or important words. From stem to stem. Cacophony A harsh, unpleasant-sounding choice and arrangement of sounds Imagery The representation through language of sense experience Personification A figure of speech wherein human attributes are given to an animal, an object, or a concept Stanza Equivalent of paragraph in poetry. A group of lines whose metrical pattern is repeated throughout the poem Simile A figure of speech in which an explicit comparison is made between two things essentially unlike. Metaphor A figure of speech in which an implicit comparison is made between two things essentially unlike Onomatopoeia The use of words that supposedly mimic their meaning in their sound. Cuckoo, honk, meow Didactic Poetry, fiction, or drama having as a primary purpose to teach or preach Rhetorical Poetry Poetry using artificially eloquent language, that is, language too high-flown for its occasion and unfaithful to the full complexity of human experience Sentimental Poetry Poetry that attempts to manipulate the readers emotions in order to achieve a greater emotional response than the poem itself really warrants Hyperbole Obvious and intentional exaggeration not to be taken literally. To wait an eternity. Assonance The repetition at close intervals of the vowel sounds of accented syllables or important words Consonance The repetition at close intervals of the final consonant sounds of accented syllables or important words Allusion A reference, explicit or implicit, to something in previous literature or history. Metonymy A figure of speech in which some significant aspect or detail of an experience is used to represent the whole experience. the bottle for strong drink, or count heads (or noses) for count people. Couplet Two successive lines, usually in the same meter, linked by rhyme Denotation The basic definition or dictionary meaning of a word Cannotation What a word suggests beyond its basic dictionary definition. A words overtones of meaning Oxymoron A figure of speech by which a locution produces an incongruous, seemingly self-contradictory effect, as in cruel kindness or to make haste slowly. Paradox A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.

Academic Writing A List of Essay Types

Academic Writing A List of Essay Types Here is a great list of most popular types of essays. Check it out, if you need any type of essay to be written by a professional essay writer, place an order. Academic Writing: What Is an Essay? An essay is a piece of writing, usually from an authors personal point of view. The essay must be well structured (i.e. organized) and presented in a way that the reader finds easy to follow and clear: it must look tidy and not present any obstacles to the reader. It must have a clear readable interesting style. Academic writing must contain an argument or claim. This means it must address an issue or raise a question and present the appropriate data or information to illustrate it in a logical sequence, and then analyze and comment on it critically both by reference to sources and by pointing out any illogicalities, such as inconsistencies or omissions. Students are assessed on their ability to select the appropriate and relevant information to illustrate their argument or claim. Good academic writing has a formal structure, unlike fictional or personal writing. Exploiting this means that readers know what to expect, which greatly helps the communication process. The burden of communication is not carried at the word or sentence level alone but through the overall structure and organization of the text. The content should be individual and reflect the writers argument and research. Essays contain the following basic elements. These may be in the form of paragraphs for undergraduate essays, or sections for postgraduate essays or dissertations. The overall structure of a thesis (as well as, to an extent, the chapters) will have a similar pattern. A definition of an essay is a rather vague, so far I havent seen a clear definition of what an essay is. It could be due to the reason that essay is multifunctional, i.e. it can be used for a variety of purposes, in a variety of settings, in different spheres etc. In view of academic work, lets try to define an essay from the academic standpoint. So, an academic essay can probably be best understood as a testing or trial of the value or nature of a thing. This kind of testing has been recently acquired as a pedagogical tool. In this case, the main purpose of essay writing is to improve students writing skills, to judge the comprehension and mastery of the material learned during classes. This helps to expose their analytical, organizational, critical thinking skills etc. A formal essay would normally ask the student to present his/her views on a given subject, thus making an essay strongly subjective. First person narration is usually strongly discouraged, if not prohibited. Normally an essay would comprise 5 paragraphs (essentially called a five paragraph essay), but there are many other types of essays: descriptive essays, narrative essays, compare and contrast essays, persuasive essays, argumentative essays, definition essays etc. Basically, you name the type of the essay according to the purpose it serves, here you can fi nd a more or less comprehensive list of essays: Art Essay Argumentative Essay Cause and Effect Essay Compare and Contrast Essay Classification Essay College Essay Creative Essay Critical Essay Current Event Essay Deductive Essay Timed Essay Analytical Essay Descriptive Essay Definition Essay Division and Classification Essay Evaluation Essay Exploratory Essay Expository Essay Feedback Essay Informal Essay Inquiry Essay Instruction Essay Interview Essay Scholarship Essay Test Essay Literature Essay Law Essay Narrative Essay Observation Essay Paragraph Essay Personal Essay Persuasive Essay Philosophy Essay Poetry Writing or Essay Process Essay Proposal Essay Pros and Cons Essay Reflective Essay Response or Reaction Essay Review Essay If you need help with any of the above-mentioned essay types, feel free to contact any of our writing professionals, who are always willing to provide you with a top quality paper, ensuring a top score. Here, at   we are available 24/7 to help you! is the service you can trust. Order an essay from a professional essay writer.

Cultural Awareness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cultural Awareness - Essay Example II. Culture and regions of the world: A case for South America. A. A look at the location of South America. B. The physical landscape and prominent features of the region that include the Andes, the amazon forests and the Atacama Desert. III. The expression of culture through history and developments give us a better understanding of the region. A. The military history of South America in itself brings out the nature of the region. B. The key infrastructural developments such as the Panama Canal give us the ancient history and interests of the region. C. Typical activities of the region such as Agriculture tell us about the abundance of rainfall in the areas, tourism also shows us the attractive nature of the region. IV. The people residing in the region and the activities they engage in tell us of the mixed cultures of the area. A. The mixture of ethnic groups tells us of the diversity of the regions culture. B. The different languages spoken by the people prove that culture is both specific to a group and a region. C. The different interests communicate the value of ideologies that are held by different groups. SSG Phippard SSG Johnson ALC Class 709-11 September 18, 2011 The Culture of South America Culture can be defined as that system of beliefs, values, norms, customs, behaviors and artifacts that members of a given society use to interact with the world and one another. It is that combination of thoughts, feelings attitudes, beliefs values and behavior patterns that are shared by racial, ethnic, religious or social groups of people (Urban Schools). The first characteristic of culture is language which is a set of symbols that are used to assign and communicate meaning. Language is both the spoken words and body movements. Language can be formal or informal depending on the environment and the people taking part in the communication process. Different dialects may symbolize different groups of people with different cultures. In non-verbal communication, di fferent cultures have different body languages. For example, there are cultures in which eye contact is seen as disrespectful while in others it signifies honesty. The second element of culture is norms, which are rules that govern behavior in a given society. Norms include taboos and rituals, which are specific to a given group of people or region. Norms are such that what is acceptable by one may be absurd for another. Ignoring these norms makes one unacceptable unpopular or an outcast within a given culture. The third characteristic of culture is values, which are things that members of a particular culture hold in high esteem or aspire to have. Values are not the same they change depending on the situation or the needs of people. Different cultures value different things, for example most Americans generally agree on the following as valuable: democracy, liberty and freedom. A typical African society values children, peace and hard work. The fourth characteristic of culture is b eliefs and ideologies. Beliefs refer to what members of a given culture hold to be true. Ideologies on the other hand refer to a set of beliefs and assumptions that are connected by a common theme. Social institutions or systems associate themselves with ideologies and they serve to make those institutions legitimate. The above two vary within cultures and serve to differentiate them. The fifth characteristic of culture is the attitude towards time. Time orientation is something

DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE - Coursework Example All these cases negatively influence group performance and personal relationships between employees. According to Roberge et al. (2011), strong organizational culture, focus on team work, cross-cultural couching and fairness in HR practices are proved to be effective in coping with diversity-related issues. Value-based organizational culture creates a special field where people from different backgrounds share the same aims and values. HR team should implement practices which do not conflict with personal values and traditions of employees. For instance, there are some religious holidays which require influence working schedule of employees. Even if the company is neutral to religion in its internal practices, employees should have a right to have a day off when such a holiday takes place. In order to regulate relationships between employees, organizations pay great attention to codes of conduct. Usually, these codes consist of universal values which can be accepted by all employees. Good code of conduct helps them to develop a shared vision and understand each other better. In summary, it is a hard task to manage diversity in the organization; at the same time, it is a rewarding one. When different people work together, they can create new innovative solutions which consider different points of view. Diversity is a strong value; if people feel that their values and needs are considered by the organization, they become more loyal and productive. Finally, training for employees can help them to understand each other better if their diversity causes

How Americas Foreign Policy Shaped Essay Example for Free

How Americas Foreign Policy Shaped Essay Foreign policy determines how America conducts relations with other countries. It is designed to further certain goals, and to ensure America’s security and defense. Originally American foreign policy was based isolationism; however, as the United States began to become more powerful, its foreign policy evolved. Through the 19th century, America concentrated on creating a nation that spanned the continent, and it avoided foreign entanglements. Once industrialized and more prosperous, it began looking for foreign markets and colonies. Dollar diplomacy was one strategy used to increase American Influence abroad. In addition to the need to exert more influence in foreign affairs for political reasons, Americans had a belief that their own cultural, moral, and racial superiority justified an increased global involvement. This can also be referred to as the Whiteman’s burden. The late nineteenth century to the 1920s can generally be described as a change of the United States from a very regional power, to a dominant world power. This shift began with the Spanish-American war. This war gave the United States, for the first time, an overseas empire. This war was also a fulfillment of the U.S aim of the Monroe Doctrine, which was that the U.S should secure the western hemisphere of colonial European rivalry which could infringe on U.S economic and political interests. This is one of the reasons why the U.S went to war against Spain, to kick the Spanish out of nearby Cuba. Along with the threats to America from Central America, and Cuba, trouble was brewing over seas in Europe during the early 20th century. When WWI began, the U.S proclaimed a policy of strict neutrality. However, due to unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmermann Note, Wilson went to congress calling for a declaration of war on Germany. After being victorious in war, Wilson hoped to revolutionize the conduct of international affairs. He came up with the Fourteen Points, which attempted to restore territories occupied during car, eliminate imperialism, trade restrictions, secret treaties, and to set up global organization to prevent future wars. In addition to the Fourteen Points, the Dawes Plan was also enacted. This plan made the U.S banks lend money to Germany so that Germany could meet its reparation payments to countries such as France and United Kingdom. These countries in return, used these payments to service their war debts to the United States. I believe the most significant foreign policy development, is the transition from isolationist nation to an imperial power, as well as the rapid change from a conservative to progressive government, helped to shape America to be what it is today. At the dawn of the 20th century, the United States was in the midst of industrialization. But because the U.S was a different continent from Europe, it desired not to get involved in any of the entanglements of the European nations. However, due to the need for foreign markets to feed the industrial growth, foreign outreach was becoming a necessary evil, and the U.S needed to develop a less isolationist foreign policy.

Personnel Management (HRM) :: essays research papers

Personnel management - The renewed emphasis on the importance of human resources in the 1980s and 90s drew attention to the way in which people management was organized. Specifically, this meant a critical review of the functions of personnel management. Personnel management has been a recognized function in the USA since NCR opened a personnel office in the 1890s. In other countries the function arrived more slowly and came through a variety of routes. This excerpt from Human Resource Management in a Business Context looks at Personnel management from a historical perspective. Further notes: Traditional Personnel Functions †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Recruitment - advertising for new employees and liaising with employment agencies. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Selection - determining the best candidates from those who apply, arranging interviews, tests, references. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Promotion - running similar selection procedures to determine progression within the organization. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pay - a minor or major role in pay negotiation, determination and administration. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Performance assessment - co-ordinating staff appraisal and counselling systems to evaluate individual employee performance. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Grading structures - as a basis for pay or development, comparing the relative difficulty and importance of functions. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Training and development - co-ordinating or delivering programmes to fit people for the roles required by the organisation now and in the future. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Welfare - providing or liaising with specialists in a staff care or counselling role for people with personal or domestic problems affecting their work. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Communication - providing internal information service, perhaps in the form of staff newspapers or magazines, handouts, booklets, videos. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee Relations - handling disputes, grievances and industrial action, often dealing with unions or staff representatives. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dismissal - on an individual basis as a result of failure to meet requirements or as part of a redundancy, downsizing or closure exercise, perhaps involving large numbers of people. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Personnel administration - record-keeping and monitoring of legislative requirements related to equal opportunities and possibly pensions and tax. Personnel Management Personnel management has been a recognised function in the USA since NCR opened a personnel office in the 1890s. American personnel managers worked within a unitarist tradition, identifying closely with the objectives of their organization (key concept 1.3). It was natural for HRM to emerge comparatively smoothly from this perspective. In other countries, notably Australia, South Africa and the UK, the personnel management function arrived more slowly and came from a number of routes. Moreover, its orientation was not entirely managerial. In Britain its origins can be traced to the 'welfare officers' employed by Quaker-owned companies such as Cadburys.

Nature of Love in “A Midsummer Night’s Dream”

Love is a universal theme for many art forms.   More often than not, it is love that is spoken of, whether in songs or films.   This fact holds most true for literature. Countless poems, short stories, novels and plays revolve around the concept of love.   One notable piece of literature that thoroughly deals with love and its nature is A Midsummer Night's Dream by William Shakespeare. The story features four types of love through its characters: forced love, parental love, romantic love, and love between friends.   This essay aims to analyze all the aforementioned types of love in the play and how they are portrayed.Love has multiple dimensions; it comes in many forms. The play is a testament to that, as Shakespeare explores the various types of love within the story.   The play begins with the first type of love, which is forced love between Theseus and Hippolyta.   The story starts with both characters speaking of their upcoming marriage and how soon it will come (Shak espeare).   However, the duke and his bride will marry not because they fell in love with each other.   The union existed because Hippolyta was betrothed to Theseus.   In the play, Theseus said: â€Å"I woo'd thee with my sword,/ And won thy love, doing thee injuries;/ But I will wed thee in another key† (Shakespeare).Love formed through betrothal is considered forced because it was prompted by circumstance to exist.   One does not love another upon such imposition.   Rather, one learns to love the other.   Love is spontaneous; if love is to be learned, it means that one has to force himself/herself in loving the other.   In the play, Theseus and Hippolyta did not seem to have any problems with such arrangement.   Both were minor characters, so the details of their relation were not exactly revealed in the play.   In the past, betrothals are common and the arrangement did not seem to be problematic at that time.   However, in essence, forced love is not re ally love.   Love is a spontaneous emotion that is evoked, as opposed to one that is merely forced.The second type of love is the parental kind, as exhibited by the relationship of Egeus to his daughter Hermia.   In the play, Egeus complains to Theseus that while he had given consent to Demetrius to marry Hermia, it is she who seeks to disobey for her love of Lysander (Shakespeare).   Egeus warns that her disobedience may result in death, while Theseus presents another option which is becoming a nun (Shakespeare).Parental love is that which is received upon birth, a love expressed by parents to their children (Hammack 2).   Among all kinds of love, parental love is most continuous; it is the secure kind of love that remains throughout one's life.   There is nothing more fulfilling than being loved by and having a strong close relationship with the family.   However, this kind of love is not without fault.   Parents may have a negative effect on their children when the former force their will or decisions on the latter.For instance, in the play, Egeus believes that Demetrius is the one most fit to marry Hermia; in his resolve, he discards the feelings of his own daughter for his decision. Thinking his daughter’s life is not hers but his, Egeus says, â€Å"And she is mine, and all my right of her/ I do estate unto Demetrius† (Shakespeare).   As Hermia's father, Egeus acts like he owned her and made decisions with her in mind. Egeus may have preferred Demetrius to be Hermia's husband because he thought that was what was best for her.   Nonetheless, it was Lysander whom Hermia loved, and they did end up together eventually.The third kind of love featured in the play was romantic love.   In the story, two couples demonstrated this kind of love: Hermia and Lysander, and Helena and Demetrius.   In the case of Hermia and Lysander, the feeling was mutual.   They reciprocated each other's love, and it caused them to defy Athenian la w by eloping (Shakespeare).This is the typical concept of romantic love.   It is characterized by the fervent desire to have that special someone in one's life (Hammack 3).   It is also marked by a compromise, in which both shared and carried the load that came with the relationship. Lysander knew that his relationship with Hermia was in danger due to Egeus and Demetrius.   Not wanting to part from his beloved, Lysander suggested that they elope to a place in which the Athenian law cannot hinder their love (Shakespeare).Hermia complied, and together they struggled to overcome the obstacle in their relationship.   Such bold action can only be done by people experiencing romantic love.   One becomes willing to face hardships for the sake of the other, as there is a strong need to be with the beloved and make him or her happy (Hammack 3).The case of Helena and Demetrius is different because even if it still falls under romantic love, it initially involved unrequited love.   Helena is in love with Demetrius, but Demetrius has only eyes for Helena's friend Hermia (Shakespeare).   Hermia informs Helena of their elopement, hoping that she would keep it a secret.   She did not; instead, she thought of Demetrius' welfare and told him of Hermia and Lysander's plans.   She did betray her friend's trust, but she simply wanted to win Demetrius.   Despite the fact that he did not love her, she still wanted him to be happy.   That is why she told him of Hermia's plans.   Helena's love is a romantic one because she sought to make her beloved happy, even if it was at her own expense (Shakespeare).One aspect of romantic love is the desire to look after the happiness of the beloved (Hammack 3).   Helena did that to Demetrius; she knew he loved Hermia, so she told him her whereabouts.   Another aspect of romantic love, as was mentioned earlier, is the need to be with the beloved (Hammack 3).   Helena followed Demetrius in the woods, and even though h e made it clear that he did not want to be with her, she still pursued (Shakespeare).   If Oberon did not take pity on her and if Puck did not put the potion on Demetrius' eyes, Helena would have continued to suffer.   In the end, everything went well, with Demetrius declaring â€Å"The object and the pleasure of mine eye/Is only Helena† (Shakespeare).The last type of love portrayed in the play is a love that is shared by sisters, a love grounded on friendship.   Hermia and Helena shared a special friendship that was almost destroyed by Puck's error (Shakespeare).   Because of Puck, both Lysander and Demetrius fell in love with Helena.   This made Hermia think ill about her friend, making them argue in the process (Shakespeare).The love shared between friends is marked by concern for the welfare of the other (Helm).   This stems from the fact that it involves an extent of intimacy, which in part plays a crucial role in one's personal development.   Love between friends is also characterized by caring for one another (Helm).In the play, after Puck had committed the mistake, Helena thought that the declarations of love from Lysander and Demetrius were mere mockery (Shakespeare).   She also thought that Hermia was also involved.   That is the reason why she spoke about their friendship in detail.   Helena narrates that she and Hermia had a vow of sisterhood; for all the times they spent together, they were like two entities with a single heart.   Their friendship originated from childhood, and continued until their days in school.   That is why Helena was hurt when she thought that Hermia was also mocking her (Shakespeare).Hermia and Helena are bound by love that unites friends.   They are already like sisters. Because they have been together for a long time, they have developed a level of intimacy that they cannot share with others.   Their relationship which began as early as childhood made them responsible for each other's gr owth.   Because there is caring involved between friends, to be mocked by a friend would surely hurt.   Hermia's anger toward Helena when the former thought that the latter stole her lover away was out of the sense of betrayal she felt as a friend.Love indeed comes in many forms, and has numerous different variations. In the playA Midsummer Night's Dream alone, there are four types of love that Shakespeare openly explored: forced love, parental love, romantic love and love between friends.   All these are simply part and parcel of the universal concept that is love.Works CitedHammack, GS. â€Å"Different Types of Love.† Associated Content. 12 June 2006.   12 May 2008 ;https://www.yahoo.com/?err=404;err_url=https%3a%2f%2fwww.yahoo.com%2farticle%2f37378%2fdifferent_types_of_love.html%3fpage%3d3%26cat%3d41;.Helm, Bennett. â€Å"Friendship.† Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 17 May 2005. 12 May 2008 ;https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/friendship/;.Shakespeare, W illiam. A Midsummer Night's Dream. 13 November 2000.   12 May 2008 . Nature of Love in â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream† Love is a universal theme for many art forms.   More often than not, it is love that is spoken of, whether in songs or films.   This fact holds most true for literature. Countless poems, short stories, novels and plays revolve around the concept of love.   One notable piece of literature that thoroughly deals with love and its nature is A Midsummer Night's Dream by William Shakespeare. The story features four types of love through its characters: forced love, parental love, romantic love, and love between friends.   This essay aims to analyze all the aforementioned types of love in the play and how they are portrayed.Love has multiple dimensions; it comes in many forms. The play is a testament to that, as Shakespeare explores the various types of love within the story.   The play begins with the first type of love, which is forced love between Theseus and Hippolyta.   The story starts with both characters speaking of their upcoming marriage and how soon it will come (Shak espeare).   However, the duke and his bride will marry not because they fell in love with each other.   The union existed because Hippolyta was betrothed to Theseus.   In the play, Theseus said: â€Å"I woo'd thee with my sword,/ And won thy love, doing thee injuries;/ But I will wed thee in another key† (Shakespeare).Love formed through betrothal is considered forced because it was prompted by circumstance to exist.   One does not love another upon such imposition.   Rather, one learns to love the other.   Love is spontaneous; if love is to be learned, it means that one has to force himself/herself in loving the other.   In the play, Theseus and Hippolyta did not seem to have any problems with such arrangement.   Both were minor characters, so the details of their relation were not exactly revealed in the play.   In the past, betrothals are common and the arrangement did not seem to be problematic at that time.   However, in essence, forced love is not re ally love.   Love is a spontaneous emotion that is evoked, as opposed to one that is merely forced.The second type of love is the parental kind, as exhibited by the relationship of Egeus to his daughter Hermia.   In the play, Egeus complains to Theseus that while he had given consent to Demetrius to marry Hermia, it is she who seeks to disobey for her love of Lysander (Shakespeare).   Egeus warns that her disobedience may result in death, while Theseus presents another option which is becoming a nun (Shakespeare).Parental love is that which is received upon birth, a love expressed by parents to their children (Hammack 2).   Among all kinds of love, parental love is most continuous; it is the secure kind of love that remains throughout one's life.   There is nothing more fulfilling than being loved by and having a strong close relationship with the family.   However, this kind of love is not without fault.   Parents may have a negative effect on their children when the former force their will or decisions on the latter.   For instance, in the play, Egeus believes that Demetrius is the one most fit to marry Hermia; in his resolve, he discards the feelings of his own daughter for his decision.Thinking his daughter’s life is not hers but his, Egeus says, â€Å"And she is mine, and all my right of her/ I do estate unto Demetrius† (Shakespeare).   As Hermia's father, Egeus acts like he owned her and made decisions with her in mind. Egeus may have preferred Demetrius to be Hermia's husband because he thought that was what was best for her.   Nonetheless, it was Lysander whom Hermia loved, and they did end up together eventually.The third kind of love featured in the play was romantic love.   In the story, two couples demonstrated this kind of love: Hermia and Lysander, and Helena and Demetrius.   In the case of Hermia and Lysander, the feeling was mutual.   They reciprocated each other's love, and it caused them to defy Athenia n law by eloping (Shakespeare).This is the typical concept of romantic love.   It is characterized by the fervent desire to have that special someone in one's life (Hammack 3).   It is also marked by a compromise, in which both shared and carried the load that came with the relationship. Lysander knew that his relationship with Hermia was in danger due to Egeus and Demetrius.   Not wanting to part from his beloved, Lysander suggested that they elope to a place in which the Athenian law cannot hinder their love (Shakespeare). Hermia complied, and together they struggled to overcome the obstacle in their relationship.   Such bold action can only be done by people experiencing romantic love.   One becomes willing to face hardships for the sake of the other, as there is a strong need to be with the beloved and make him or her happy (Hammack 3).The case of Helena and Demetrius is different because even if it still falls under romantic love, it initially involved unrequited love .   Helena is in love with Demetrius, but Demetrius has only eyes for Helena's friend Hermia (Shakespeare).   Hermia informs Helena of their elopement, hoping that she would keep it a secret.   She did not; instead, she thought of Demetrius' welfare and told him of Hermia and Lysander's plans.   She did betray her friend's trust, but she simply wanted to win Demetrius.   Despite the fact that he did not love her, she still wanted him to be happy.   That is why she told him of Hermia's plans.   Helena's love is a romantic one because she sought to make her beloved happy, even if it was at her own expense (Shakespeare).One aspect of romantic love is the desire to look after the happiness of the beloved (Hammack 3).   Helena did that to Demetrius; she knew he loved Hermia, so she told him her whereabouts.   Another aspect of romantic love, as was mentioned earlier, is the need to be with the beloved (Hammack 3).   Helena followed Demetrius in the woods, and even tho ugh he made it clear that he did not want to be with her, she still pursued (Shakespeare).   If Oberon did not take pity on her and if Puck did not put the potion on Demetrius' eyes, Helena would have continued to suffer.   In the end, everything went well, with Demetrius declaring â€Å"The object and the pleasure of mine eye/Is only Helena† (Shakespeare).The last type of love portrayed in the play is a love that is shared by sisters, a love grounded on friendship.   Hermia and Helena shared a special friendship that was almost destroyed by Puck's error (Shakespeare).   Because of Puck, both Lysander and Demetrius fell in love with Helena.   This made Hermia think ill about her friend, making them argue in the process (Shakespeare).The love shared between friends is marked by concern for the welfare of the other (Helm).   This stems from the fact that it involves an extent of intimacy, which in part plays a crucial role in one's personal development.   Love bet ween friends is also characterized by caring for one another (Helm).In the play, after Puck had committed the mistake, Helena thought that the declarations of love from Lysander and Demetrius were mere mockery (Shakespeare).   She also thought that Hermia was also involved.   That is the reason why she spoke about their friendship in detail.   Helena narrates that she and Hermia had a vow of sisterhood; for all the times they spent together, they were like two entities with a single heart.   Their friendship originated from childhood, and continued until their days in school.   That is why Helena was hurt when she thought that Hermia was also mocking her (Shakespeare).Hermia and Helena are bound by love that unites friends.   They are already like sisters. Because they have been together for a long time, they have developed a level of intimacy that they cannot share with others.   Their relationship which began as early as childhood made them responsible for each other 's growth.   Because there is caring involved between friends, to be mocked by a friend would surely hurt.   Hermia's anger toward Helena when the former thought that the latter stole her lover away was out of the sense of betrayal she felt as a friend.Love indeed comes in many forms, and has numerous different variations. In the playA Midsummer Night's Dream alone, there are four types of love that Shakespeare openly explored: forced love, parental love, romantic love and love between friends.   All these are simply part and parcel of the universal concept that is love.Works CitedHammack, GS. â€Å"Different Types of Love.† Associated Content. 12 June 2006.   12 May 2008 .Helm, Bennett. â€Å"Friendship.† Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 17 May 2005. 12 May 2008 .Shakespeare, William. A Midsummer Night's Dream. 13 November 2000.   12 May 2008 .